Translational Psychiatry :嗜酒障碍的神经机制与眶额回皮质-伏隔核回路有关

2021-05-14 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

NAcc体积减少以及OFC-NAcc网络的FA和纤维束长度的减少表明AUD中奖励网络的结构发生了变化。

嗜酒障碍(AUD)是一种慢性复发性障碍,与有害的躯体、心理和社会后果相关。AUD的核心特征是渴望,反复出现的对酒精消费的渴望和冲动,以及控制酒精寻求行为的能力受损,尽管其后果是消极的。据世界卫生组织(WHO)统计,全世界每年有300多万人死于有害使用酒精。AUD的特点是住院治疗后复发率非常高(80-92%),特别是在住院治疗后的前3个月。因此,需要更有效的治疗方案。对成瘾的神经生物学的深入了解,特别是对寻求酒精行为的渴望和抑制,可能有助于改进新的治疗方法,如酒精特异性抑制训练、神经反馈或大脑刺激疗法。这反过来可能为更个性化的AUD治疗铺平道路。

在奖赏系统的区域中,AUD对酒精暗示的反应增强了。眶额皮质(OFC)和伏隔核(NAcc)似乎是AUD神经生物学的关键,因为这两个区域都与对酒精提示的渴望有关。Tobias Bracht等开展研究扩展了这些先前的功能磁共振成像分析,将静息态下的渴望与OFC-NAcc的连接联系起来,从而在功能网络水平上提供了渴望的神经生物学信息。研究成果发表在Transl Psychiatry杂志。

 这项研究旨在调查奖励系统的结构和功能变化以及对酒精使用障碍(AUD)的渴望的神经生物学。该研究假设减少NAcc的体积,减少连接OFCNAccOFC-NAcc)的上外侧内侧前脑束段的结构连通性,并降低静息态的OFC-NAcc功能连接(FC)。此外,假设渴望与OFC-NAcc FC的增加有关。最近对39AUD戒断的患者和18名健康对照(HC)进行了结构性(T1w-MP2RAGE,弥散加权成像(DWI))和功能性(静息态fMRIMRI扫描。

多模态图像分析。a. 原始空间双侧NAcc体积示图。b.原始空间OFC-NAcc连接(彩色)和其余近端段(灰色)的示图。c. MNI空间OFC (BA10和11)和NAcc mask用于双侧OFC-NAcc FC的计算。

NAcc的灰质体积,使用控制年龄和性别的混合模型MANCOVA,在AUD和HC之间比较了OFC-NAcc连接和OFC-NAcc FC的白质微观结构(部分各向异性(FA))和宏观结构(纤维束长度)。渴望是通过强迫强迫性饮酒量表(OCDS)量表的想法子量表进行评估的,并且与OFC-NAcc FC相关联。组主效应显著。该结果是由AUD患者双侧NAcc体积减少,左半球FA减少,双侧OFC-NAcc纤维束长度减少所驱动。各组之间的OFC-NAcc FC没有差异。渴望与增加双侧OFC-NAcc FC有关。

AUD和HC各自的成像模式的箱形图.

OFC-NAcc FC与AUD渴望的相关性。

这是首次将NAcc的灰质体积分析、slMFBOFC-NAcc段纤维束和OFC-NAcc FC结合起来研究AUD的结构和功能改变及其与渴求的关联。结果表明近期戒酒的重度AUD患者OFC-NAcc网络的结构改变。发现NAcc的灰质体积减少,左侧白质微结构(FA)减少,双侧OFC-NAcc连接的宏观结构(纤维束长度)减少,结构连通性受损。静息态OFC-NAcc FC组间差异无统计学意义。双侧OFC-NAcc静息态FC与渴求呈正相关,从而支持了这一网络在AUD病理生理中个体差异的关键作用。

该研究在严重AUD的戒酒患者中发现AUDOFC-NAcc网络的灰质和白质结构改变有关,推测这是酒精的神经毒性作用。渴求与静息态OFC-NAcc FC之间的关联表明,该网络在功能上扮演渴求的核心角色,这也可能影响相应的OFC-NAcc连接通路的白质微观结构。未来的研究应该评估这些变化是否会随着长期禁欲而逆转。此外,评估这种MRI评估对新治疗方法的预测价值,如神经反馈、酒精抑制训练或脑刺激疗法,具有临床意义。总之,NAcc体积减少以及OFC-NAcc网络的FA和纤维束长度的减少表明AUD中奖励网络的结构发生了变化。

原文出处

Bracht, T., Soravia, L., Moggi, F. et al. The role of the orbitofrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens for craving in alcohol use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 11, 267 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01384-w

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    2021-08-03 bsmagic9140
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    2021-05-14 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

    0

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