Annals Neurology: Tau介导血管风险和Aβ对认知能力下降的协同影响

2022-08-11 Freeman MedSci原创

血管风险与亚阈值水平的Aβ相互作用,促进认知能力下降


尽管最近在抗淀粉样蛋白治疗方面取得了进展,但仍然迫切需要能够有意义地改变阿尔茨海默病(AD)进程的安全和有效的治疗方法。越来越多的人认为,β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)负担增加是必要的,但不足以导致AD。因此,关键是要识别、描述和锁定那些与Aβ病理共同改变认知能力下降的因素。

 

图1: 论文封面图

血管风险和脑血管疾病的升高随着年龄的增长而非常普遍,经常与AD病理学同时存在,并且越来越被认为是AD相关认知衰退的重要因素。系统性血管风险升高,特别是当与Aβ负担升高相结合时,与认知障碍(CU)个体的认知衰退加速和痴呆风险增加有关,。这表明,减少血管风险的干预措施可能有效地延缓认知衰退的发生或发展。然而,血管风险和Aβ之间这种具有临床意义的互动机制仍有待阐明。


以前的研究表明,较高的基线血管风险和Aβ与老年CU成人下颞皮层(ITC)tau负担的增加有协同关系。这些发现表明,与血管风险有关的促进tau病理学的发展是连接血管风险与AD病理学和早期AD相关认知衰退的潜在机制。更好地阐明血管风险和AD病理之间的纵向关系对于证实这些横断面的发现至关重要。如果血管风险确实与Aβ在促进纵向tau积累方面有协同作用,这将有力地支持以降低血管风险为目标--单独或与关注AD病理学的疗法相结合--作为AD的一种可能的疾病调节治疗策略。此外,它还支持在正在进行的和未来的AD临床试验中考虑血管风险因素的必要性,特别是那些使用tau PET或认知能力下降作为结果的试验。

藉此,哈佛大学的Wai-Ying W. Yau等人,在参加哈佛大学老龄化大脑研究(HABS)的一组深度表征的CU成年人中测试了这样一个假设:基线血管风险和Aβ负担的升高与纵向ITC tau积累的增加有协同作用。进一步研究了tau积累是否以及在多大程度上介导了血管风险升高对Aβ负担升高的个体的前瞻性认知能力下降的影响。

他们纳入了175名无认知障碍的老年人(年龄70.5±8.0岁)。使用基于弗雷明汉心脏研究一般心血管疾病风险评分(FHS-CVD)对基线血管风险进行量化。基线Aβ负担是用匹兹堡复合B型PET测量的。用Flortaucipir PET纵向测量Tau负担(3.6±1.5年),重点是下颞皮层(ITC)。使用临床前阿尔茨海默症认知综合指标纵向评估认知能力(7.0±2.0年)。线性混合效应模型研究了基线血管风险和Aβ对纵向ITC tau的交互影响。此外,还采用了调节性调解,以确定tau的积累是否介导了FHS-CVD*Aβ对认知能力下降的影响。

 

图2:论文结果图

基线FHS-CVD和Aβ的升高对ITC tau积累的增加有明显的交互作用(P=0.004),即使在Aβ负担低于淀粉样蛋白阳性的常规阈值的个体中也是如此。在检查个别血管危险因素时,我们发现收缩压和体重指数的升高与Aβ在纵向tau上显示出独立的相互作用(均为P<0.0001)。在FHS-CVD和Aβ对认知能力下降的互动关系中,ITC tau的积累起到了33%的中介作用。

该研究的重要意义在于发现了:血管风险与亚阈值水平的Aβ相互作用,促进认知能力下降,部分是通过加速早期新皮层tau的积累。研究结果支持降低血管风险,特别是治疗高血压和肥胖症,以减弱与Aβ相关的tau病理学,减少晚年认知能力的下降。

 


原文出处:
Yau WW, Shirzadi Z, Yang H, et al. Tau mediates synergistic influence of vascular risk and Aβ on cognitive decline. _Annals of Neurology_. Published online July 26, 2022:ana.26460. doi:[10.1002/ana.26460](https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.26460)

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    2022-10-02 yinhl1978
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    2022-08-12 hb2008ye
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    2022-08-12 膀胱癌

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拓展阅读

Annals of Neurology:减缓衰老,还降低痴呆风险!这种饮食模式或将成为研究大热门

一项来自美国的研究发现,坚持MIND饮食与痴呆症患病风险和死亡率的降低有关。作者表明,健康饮食能够减缓衰老对人体的影响,包括对大脑的影响。

超65万人研究:注意力不集中、思维混乱……老年人有这些表现,痴呆风险高3倍!

谵妄是导致老年人痴呆和死亡的强有力危险因素,相比于无谵妄发作的患者,至少有一次谵妄发作的住院老年患者新确诊痴呆的风险高出3倍,每增加一次谵妄发作,痴呆风险增加20%。

警惕中老年“胖瘦子”!新研究:肌肉流失和过度肥胖或与痴呆、死亡相关

一项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究基于英国生物银行的数据,探索了肌肉减少性肥胖和肌肉减少症与痴呆风险的关系,发现肌肉减少性肥胖和肌肉减少症分别与不同程度的痴呆风险增加相关。

JAMDA:高血脂能让痴呆风险升高51%!

,Journal of the American Medical Directors Association发表一项纵向队列研究,表明确诊高脂血症的年龄越小,后续发生痴呆的风险就越高。

痴呆风险升高51%!北大&协和医学院团队研究:高血脂的人要注意

近日,Journal of the American Medical Directors Association发表一项纵向队列研究,表明确诊高脂血症的年龄越小,后续发生痴呆的风险就越高。

横跨75年研究:脑子越大,越不容易痴呆?

人类的大脑是在变大还是变小?大脑越大就越健康吗?

2022 欧洲共识:MCI和轻度痴呆初级阶段的诊断和治疗

意大利阿尔兹海默病专家组 · 2022-10-09

适合痴呆症患者的急救护理:老年急救护理应用研究网络范围审查和共识会议的结果

急性期后和长期护理学会(AMDA,The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine) · 2022-08-01

痴呆及阿尔茨海默病进展要点简析

四川大学华西医院 · 2022-07-26