Communications Biologyvolume:科学家发现基于砷的新型广谱抗生素

2019-04-18 不详 中国生物技术网

抗生素耐药性被认为是这个时代最大的公共健康威胁之一。我们迫切地需要新型抗生素来对抗日益增长的全世界范围内的耐药性细菌。近日,一个国际研究团队发现了一种含有砷的新型广谱抗生素。这项近日已发表在《Nature》子刊《Communication Biology》上。

抗生素耐药性被认为是这个时代最大的公共健康威胁之一。我们迫切地需要新型抗生素来对抗日益增长的全世界范围内的耐药性细菌。近日,一个国际研究团队发现了一种含有砷的新型广谱抗生素。这项近日已发表在《Nature》子刊《Communication Biology》上。

该研究共同通讯作者、美国佛罗里达大学细胞生物学与药理学系Barry P. Rosen博士说:“这种名为arsinothricin(AST)的抗生素是一种由土壤细菌产生的天然产物,它对多种细菌都有效,所以称之为广谱抗生素。AST是第一个也是唯一已知的天然含砷抗生素,我们对它寄予厚望。”尽管它含有砷,但研究人员表示,他们测试了AST对人体血细胞的毒性,并报告称它不会杀死组织培养物中的人体细胞。Rosen说:“人们一听到砷这个词就会感到害怕,因为它可能是一种毒素或致癌物,但使用砷作为抗菌剂和抗癌药物已经很成熟。” 1908年,Paul Erlich在发现一种基于砷的梅毒治疗方法后获得了诺贝尔医学奖。砷剂仍然被用于治疗热带疾病和预防家禽传染病,并作为白血病的化疗疗法。

世界卫生组织(WHO)警告称,“越来越多的感染,如肺炎,肺结核,淋病和沙门氏菌病变得难以治疗,因为用于治疗它们的抗生素变不再那么有效。”WHO最近发布了抗生素耐药性病原体的全球优先级清单,这些病原体对人类健康构成最大威胁。

另一位共同通讯作者Masafumi Yoshinaga说:“目前已经没有足够的手段来对抗这些疾病。我们需要一种新的强效抗生素来解决这个问题。这种新型砷化合物可能是一种有效的抗生素。”

这个科学家团队已对新抗生素进行了测试,并发现它对一些影响公共健康的臭名昭着的细菌非常有效,比如可引起严重肠道感染的大肠杆菌,以及对“最后的抗生素”碳青霉烯具有耐药性的阴沟肠杆菌。这种细菌是新生儿和重症监护病房感染增加的罪魁祸首,也是WHO定义的优先级最高的病原体之一。它还可以对抗引起牛结核病的牛分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium bovis)。这表明该抗生素具备治疗人类结核病的潜力。研究团队表示还需要进一步测试以确定该抗生素在动物和人类中的有效性和毒性。该团队目前正在为这项发现申请专利,并希望与制药企业合作,将该化合物开发成药物,这是一个漫长而昂贵的过程,可能需要10年时间,而且并不能保证会取得成功,但这些科学家的工作仍然非常重要。Rosen说:“超过90%的潜在药物会在临床试验中失败。但如果我们不尝试寻找新药,就无法找到有效的药物。”

原始出处:

Venkadesh Sarkarai Nadar,et al.Arsinothricin, an arsenic-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid analog of glutamate, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.Communications Biologyvolume.2, Article number: 131 (2019) .

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    2019-04-19 liuli5079
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    2020-03-18 sunylz
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    2019-04-20 lishizhe

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