Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol:KCNJ11突变造成的新生儿糖尿病 长期磺脲类药物是否安全有效?

2022-05-27 闫盈盈 环球医学网

发表在《Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol》的一项由英国、挪威、意大利、法国等国学者进行的国际队列研究,在KCNJ11突变造成的新生儿糖尿病患者中

发表在《Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol》的一项由英国、挪威、意大利、法国等国学者进行的国际队列研究,在KCNJ11突变造成的新生儿糖尿病患者中,考察了长期磺脲类药物治疗的有效性和安全性。

背景:KCNJ11突变可通过激活胰腺ATP敏感性钾通道而造成永久性新生儿糖尿病。90%的患者可成功从胰岛素转换为口服磺脲类药物并具有良好的初始血糖控制,然而,该血糖控制是否可以长期维系是未知的。5年治疗后,约44%的2型糖尿病患者可出现磺脲类药物失败。因此,研究人员进行了一项为期10年的多中心随访研究,研究对象为KCNJ11永久性新生儿糖尿病患者的大型国际队列,旨在解决这些患者中,磺脲类药物长期有效性和安全性相关的核心问题。

方法:在这项多中心国际队列研究中,所有确诊为KCNJ11永久性新生儿糖尿病的患者入组,患者来自于英国埃克塞特、意大利罗马、挪威卑尔根、法国巴黎和波兰克拉克夫,这些患者于2006年11月30日前从胰岛素转换为口服磺脲类药物。医生收集了临床特征和每年的血糖控制、磺脲类药物剂量、严重低血糖、不良反应、糖尿病并发症和生长等相关数据。主要结局为磺脲类药物失败,其定义为永久性重新使用每日胰岛素,此外还有代谢控制,尤其是糖化血红蛋白和磺脲类药物剂量。研究人员也评估了与KCNJ11永久性新生儿糖尿病相关的神经学特征。(研究注册在ClinicalTrials.gov,注册号为NCT02624817。)

结果:90名患者符合入组标准,81人纳入到研究中并提供了长期(截止到>5.5年)结局数据。整个队列的中位随访期为10.2年(IQR,9.3~10.8)。最近的随访中(2012年12月1日~2016年10月4日),75/81人(93%)仅使用磺脲类药物治疗。所有时间点(即,转换前[糖化血红蛋白])、1年和最近的随访[64人]都具有糖化血红蛋白和磺脲类药物成对数据的患者,可保持卓越的血糖控制:转换到磺脲类药物前的中位糖化血红蛋白为8.1%(IQR,7.2~9.2;65.0mmol/mol[55.2~77.1]);1年时为5.9%(5.4~6.5;41.0mmol/mol[35.5~47.5]);vs转换前的P<0.0001);最近随访时为6.4%(5.9~7.3;46.4mmol/mol([41.0~56.3)];vs 1年时的P<0.0001)。相同患者中,1年时的中位磺脲类药物剂量为0.30mg/kg/d[0.14~0.53],最近随访时为0.23mg/kg/d(0.12~0.41;P=0.03)。

整个队列809患者年的随访期未记录到严重低血糖。11名患者(14%)报告了轻度短暂的不良反应,但是不需要停止磺脲类药物治疗。7名患者(9%)具有微血管并发症,这些患者比无并发症的患者服用胰岛素的时间长(转换到磺脲类药物时的中位年龄为20.5岁(IQR,10.5~24.0)vs 4.1岁(1.3~10.2);P=0.0005)。具有CNS特征的38名患者中,有18人(47%)在转换到磺脲类药物后具有初始改善。长期磺脲类药物治疗后,52/81名患者(64%)出现CNS特征。

结论:高剂量磺脲类药物治疗是KCNJ11永久性新生儿糖尿病患者自诊断以来的合理治疗。该疗法是安全和高度有效的,可维持至少10年的优秀血糖控制。

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    2018-12-17 docwu2019
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    2019-04-13 howi
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    2018-08-30 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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