Lancet Infect Dis:肺结核强化治疗期 利奈唑胺优于乙胺丁醇吗?

2019-01-26 贾朝娟 环球医学

利奈唑胺可改善多药耐药结核患者的结局,但对于普通结核患者,利奈唑胺代替乙胺丁醇是否更为有效,尚是未知。2019年1月,发表在《Lancet Infect Dis》的一项研究显示,未观察到短期使用利奈唑胺8周会提高培养转化率。

利奈唑胺可改善多药耐药结核患者的结局,但对于普通结核患者,利奈唑胺代替乙胺丁醇是否更为有效,尚是未知。2019年1月,发表在《Lancet Infect Dis》的一项研究显示,未观察到短期使用利奈唑胺8周会提高培养转化率。

背景:利奈唑胺可大幅改善多药耐药结核患者的结局。研究者调查了利奈唑胺代替乙胺丁醇是否可增加肺结核患者治疗8周时的痰培养转化比例。

方法:研究者进行了一项2期多中心随机开放标签试验,研究对象为首尔国立大学3家附属医院和韩国首尔城南国家医学中心的肺结核患者。患者入组标准为,20~80岁、肺结核痰培养阳性和对利福平不耐药,当前给药时间为7天或以下。

按照1:1:1的比例将患者随机分为3组。对照组接受乙胺丁醇(2个月)和异烟肼、利福平、吡嗪酰胺。第二组使用利奈唑胺(600mg/d)2周;第三组使用利奈唑胺4周,不使用2个月的乙胺丁醇。研究者使用最小化方法进行随机分组,根据机构、胸片空洞和糖尿病进行分层。

首要终点为治疗8周后液体培养转阴患者的比例。主要在改良意愿治疗人群中分析试验结果。

结果:2014年2月19日~2017年1月13日,总共纳入了429名患者,其中的428人随机分配到3组:对照组142人,利奈唑胺2周组143人,利奈唑胺4周组143人。其中,401符合首要疗效分析。

改良意愿治疗分析中,治疗8周时,对照组、利奈唑胺2周组、利奈唑胺4周组液体培养阴性的患者数分别为103/134(76.9%)、111/135(82.2%)、100/132(75.8%)人。

利奈唑胺2周组与对照组的差异为5.4%(95% CI,-4.3~15.0;P=0.28),4周组与对照组的差异为-1.1%(95% CI,-11.3~9.1;P=0.83)。

各组出现至少1例不良事件的患者数相似(对照组:86/137(62.8%);2周组:79/138(57.5%);4周组:75/121(62.0%))。无患者出现利奈唑胺耐药。

结论:未观察到短期使用利奈唑胺8周会提高培养转化率。然而,安全性分析和耐药特征表明,利奈唑胺在缩短药物敏感结核病疗程中潜在发挥作用。

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