NEJM:HIV患者抗结核方案选择——系统治疗vs检测指导下治疗

2020-06-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在先前未接受ART治疗的免疫功能受到严重抑制的HIV感染成人中,结核病系统治疗方案在降低24或48周患者死亡率或侵袭性细菌病风险方面并不优于试验指导治疗组,并且不良事件风险增加

在结核病和AIDS负担沉重的地区,许多感染HIV的患者在免疫功能严重受损后才开始接受抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART),而肺结核和侵袭性细菌性疾病是这类患者常见的死亡原因。
 
近日研究人员进行了一项为期48周的结核病经验性治疗试验,之前未接受ART治疗且CD4+T细胞计数低于每立方毫米100个细胞的HIV感染患者参与,随机分配接受筛查(Xpert-MTB/RIF试验、尿脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖试验和胸部X线)以确定是否开始结核病治疗(检测指导组),或接受利福平、异烟肼、乙胺丁醇和吡嗪酰胺系统性治疗为期2个月,随后转为利福平和异烟肼治疗,为期4个月(系统治疗组)。研究的主要终点是随机分组后24周内(或48周内任何原因或侵袭性细菌性疾病死亡。
 
系统治疗组522例患者,检测治疗组525例患者。在第24周,每100患者年中,任何原因或侵袭性细菌性疾病的死亡率,系统治疗组为19.4例,测试指导治疗组为20.3例(调整后的危险比为0.95)。在第48周,相应的比率为12.8和13.3(调整后的危险比:0.97)。在第24周,系统治疗的肺结核发生率低于测试指导治疗(3.0% vs 17.9%;校正危险比:0.15),但系统治疗组的3级或4级药物相关不良事件发生率较高(17.4% vs 7.2%;校正危险比:2.57)。系统治疗组严重不良事件更为常见。
 
在先前未接受ART治疗的免疫功能受到严重抑制的HIV感染成人中,结核病系统治疗方案在降低24或48周患者死亡率或侵袭性细菌病风险方面并不优于试验指导治疗组,并且不良事件风险增加。
 
原始出处:
 
Francois-Xavier Blanc et al. Systematic or Test-Guided Treatment for Tuberculosis in HIV-Infected Adults. N Engl J Med, June 18, 2020.

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    2020-06-20 wgx309
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    2020-06-18 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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