Kidney Int:左旋咪唑可以延长激素敏感型特发性肾病综合征儿童的复发时间。

2021-09-15 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

特发性肾病综合征(INS)是一种少见的疾病,每年发病率为2-7例/10万儿童,目前认为是由于淋巴细胞功能缺陷所致。大多数INS儿童对激素敏感。

   特发性肾病综合征(INS)是一种少见的疾病,每年发病率为2-7例/10万儿童,目前认为是由于淋巴细胞功能缺陷所致。大多数INS儿童对激素敏感。这些儿童中有一半在停用糖皮质激素后经常复发或成为激素依赖的患者。对于复发性肾病综合征的儿童会出现激素的副作用。为了降低复发率,已经使用了几种药物。其中,左旋咪唑被认为是毒性最低、价格最低的药物,也是唯一一种没有被归类为免疫抑制剂的药物。直到2004年制药行业由于缺乏明确的适应征而将其撤出人类使用的市场。左旋咪唑治疗肾小球肾炎疗效的证据仅限于回顾性研究和少数临床试验,所有这些研究都有一定的方法学局限性。鉴于其驱虫特性,它仅作为兽医用药物。

目的:左旋咪唑一直被认为是预防激素敏感型特发性肾病综合征(SSINS)复发的毒性最低、价格最低的非甾体类药物。然而,这方面的证据是有限的,因为之前的随机临床试验被发现有方法学上的局限性。

方法:我们进行了一项国际多中心、双盲、随机对照的临床试验,以重新评估其在预防SSINS儿童复发方面的有效性。评估左旋咪唑治疗SSINS和频繁复发儿童一年的疗效和安全性。初步分析队列包括来自6个国家的99名患者。

结果:在研究药物开始后100天至12个月之间,左旋咪唑组与安慰剂组相比,复发时间(主要终点)显著增加(风险比0.22[95%可信区间0.11-0.43])。值得注意的是,经过12个月的治疗,6%的安慰剂患者与26%的左旋咪唑患者仍处于缓解状态。在此期间,最常见的可能与左旋咪唑有关的严重不良事件(50名患者中有4名)是无症状的中度中性粒细胞减少,这是自发或在停止治疗后可逆的。

图1 无复发存活率(Kaplan-Meier曲线):从试验用药开始到随机化临床试验的1年随访期内,经过改进的意向治疗人群中仍处于缓解期和接受研究药物治疗的患者的累积比例。

这两条曲线上的竖线表示研究因复发以外的原因(即,经审查的患者)而停止。L,左旋咪唑;P,安慰剂。

表1 改良意向治疗人群中欧洲和印度亚组的年龄和激素依赖分布

表2 (改良的治疗意向)mITT人群的复发时间(主要结果):时间依赖的Cox比例风险回归模型的结果

表3 在安全人群中最常遇到的SAEs;AES,不良事件;ANCA,抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体;GFR,肾小球滤过率;SAEs,严重不良事件;a肺部感染,发烧,腹痛,bP=0.045

结果:在SSINS和频繁复发的儿童中,与单用强的松相比,左旋咪唑延长了复发时间,并在一年内防止了复发。然而,出于安全考虑,定期的血液监测十分必要的。

原文出处

 Gruppen MP,  Bouts AH,  Jansen-van der Weide MC,et al,A randomized clinical trial indicates that levamisole increases the time to relapse in children with steroid-sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.Kidney Int 2018 02;93(2)

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