Cell:中国科学家破解基孔肯雅病毒入侵机制

2019-05-13 不详 中国科学院

5月9日,中国科学院高福团队在《细胞》(Cell)杂志上发表了题为Molecular Basis of Arthritogenic Alphavirus Receptor MXRA8 Binding to Chikungunya Virus Envelope Protein 的文章,首次从分子水平阐释了基孔肯雅病毒囊膜表面E蛋白与其细胞受体MXRA8分子的相互作用机制,揭示了此类病毒入侵细胞的分子

5月9日,中国科学院高福团队在《细胞》(Cell)杂志上发表了题为Molecular Basis of Arthritogenic Alphavirus Receptor MXRA8 Binding to Chikungunya Virus Envelope Protein 的文章,首次从分子水平阐释了基孔肯雅病毒囊膜表面E蛋白与其细胞受体MXRA8分子的相互作用机制,揭示了此类病毒入侵细胞的分子机制,为抗病毒药物开发及新型疫苗设计提供了新靶点。
 
基孔肯雅热(Chikungunya fever, CHIKF)是一种由基孔肯雅病毒(Chikungunya virus,CHIKV)引起,经蚊虫叮咬传播的急性发热性传染病。该病毒病过去主要分布在非洲、南亚、东南亚热带和亚热带地区。近年来,随着全球变暖和现代交通工具等因素,该病毒疫情呈不断暴发和蔓延的趋势。2005年以来疫情在东南亚和南亚地区再度暴发,2007年疫情传播至欧洲,2013年疫情开始在加勒比海地区、美国以及南美洲等地暴发流行,造成了数百万人感染。人感染该病毒后可致急性或慢性的外周关节痛或关节炎,严重时致人死亡,目前尚无特异性的治疗方法和疫苗,使得该病毒引起人们的广泛关注,也是重要的全球性公共卫生问题之一。与该病毒亲缘关系较近,同样能引起关节炎的甲病毒还包括马亚罗病毒(Mayaro virus)、罗斯河病毒(Ross River virus)、阿尼昂尼昂病毒(O nyong- nyong virus)等。
 
病毒侵入细胞的第一步依赖于病毒囊膜蛋白与宿主受体的相互作用。过去的研究认为,CHIKV等多种致关节炎甲病毒囊膜表面含有80个三聚体形式的刺突E蛋白,每个三聚体由三个E1/E2二聚体组成,其中E1蛋白参与膜融合,E2蛋白参与受体的结合。近来研究报道表明,基质重塑相关蛋白8(Matrix remodeling-associated protein 8,MXRA8)分子是CHIKV等多种致关节炎甲病毒的受体。MXRA8是一种在上皮细胞、髓细胞及间充质干细胞表达的黏附分子,广泛分布于形成软骨、肌肉和骨骼的细胞表面。但是,MXRA8分子如何介导病毒入侵却是未解之谜。
 

图1. 小鼠MXRA8的三维结构
 

图2. CHIKV E与人MXRA8复合物结构
 

 
图3 MXRA8茎部区对CHIKV入侵很关键
 

图4. CHIKV利用MXRA8入侵细胞的分子机制模型
 

高福团队深入研究了MXRA8分子介导CHIKV的入侵机制。首先,他们利用结构生物学的技术和方法解析了小鼠MXRA8(mMXRA8)的晶体结构,表明MXRA8分子胞外段由两个免疫球蛋白(Ig)样结构域构成,但其两个Ig样结构域呈现独特的拓扑结构。结构域1(D1)由两个不连续的片段构成,而结构域2(D2)插在了D1的两个片段之间,这导致D1和D2之间有两个柔性铰链(Hinge loop)连接,这与以往所有报道的含有两个Ig样结构域的蛋白都不同。因此,他们首次提出MXRA8是一种新型的Ig样受体分子,并具有独特的拓扑结构及结构域间组装形式。
 
为进一步阐明CHIKV E与受体MXRA8相互作用机制,研究团队解析了人MXRA8(hMXRA8)与CHIKV E复合物的晶体结构,他们发现MXRA8与CHIKV E采用一种独特的3:3的结合模式,MXRA8结合到病毒表面三聚体刺突蛋白两个E蛋白单体间的“峡谷”中,形成非常紧密的结合模式。其中E1和E2均参与结合,MXRA8的两个结构域及铰链区均与E1和E2蛋白发生相互作用。随后他们利用冷冻电镜技术解析了人MXRA8与CHIKV病毒样颗粒的复合物结构,证明了MXRA8在病毒表面的结合模式跟晶体结构所观察到的结合模式一致,并通过点突变及表面等离子共振(SPR)方法对结合关键氨基酸进行了验证。该研究首次“看清”了基孔肯雅病毒和受体相互作用的分子模式,为一种新型的病毒-受体结合模式,同时纠正了过去对基孔肯雅病毒和受体相互作用的一些错误认识。
 
MXRA8因其独特的拓扑结构排布而与其他I型跨膜蛋白不同,其N端D1结构域不是远膜端结构域,而实为近膜端结构域。在复合物结构中,MXRA8的D1结构域深深地插入到CHIKV三聚体刺突E蛋白的“峡谷”中,这就需要近膜端的颈部区有足够的长度和柔性。
 
通过一系列MXRA8茎部区截短体和病毒及细胞水平功能实验发现,MXRA8中长达48个氨基酸的茎部区为病毒入侵所必需,其足够长且具有柔性,被病毒利用作为受体入侵细胞。
 
此项研究首次揭示了致关节炎甲病毒CHIKV与MXRA8受体相互作用机制,证实了MXRA8是一种具有独特的拓扑结构及结构域间组装形式的新型Ig样受体分子,并发现了此类致关节炎甲病毒和受体相互作用是一种新型的病毒-受体结合模式。这些研究结果为新型疫苗及广谱中和抗体的研发提供了理论指导,为抗病毒药物设计提供了新靶点。
 
中科院北京生命科学研究院助理研究员宋豪及微生物所硕士生赵振楠、助理研究员柴彦为论文的并列第一作者,中科院院士高福和中科院天津工业生物技术研究所副研究员高峰为论文共同通讯作者。微生物所研究员齐建勋、施一、严景华及巴西FIOCRUZ基金会卫生技术发展中心主任Carlos Morel给予了大力支持。该研究得到科技部重点研发计划、中科院战略性先导科技专项项目、国家科技重大专项、国家自然科学基金以及中科院青促会、中国科协“青年人才托举工程”等的经费支持。

原始出处:

Hao Song, Zhennan Zhao, Yan Chai, et.al. Molecular Basis of Arthritogenic Alphavirus Receptor MXRA8 Binding to Chikungunya Virus Envelope Protein. Cell May 09, 2019

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    2019-06-25 维他命
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