NEJM:妊娠期糖尿病筛查必需空腹进行?NEJM研究揭示答案

2021-03-19 生物探索 生物探索

究竟应该更推荐使用哪一种筛查方法呢?

妊娠期糖尿病是妊娠最常见的并发症之一,与胎儿过度生长、死产和新生儿死亡风险增加有关。除此之外,妊娠期糖尿病与产妇分娩创伤、剖腹产风险增加均有相关性。专家们建议:妊娠期糖尿病应进行普遍筛查。但葡萄糖耐量试验要求空腹进行,对于孕妇难免不便。是否两步法筛查妊娠期糖尿病为孕妇的更优选择呢?这两种筛查方法中究竟应该更推荐使用哪一种呢?

近日,《新英格兰医学杂志》在线发表了美国Kaiser Permanente Northwest健康研究中心Teresa A. Hillier团队名为“A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening”的研究成果。该研究比较了妊娠期糖尿病的两种筛查方法,发现虽然这两种检查方式检出率有差异,但对孕产妇预后的影响无明显差异。

当前,妊娠期糖尿病主要采用的筛查方法有两种:葡萄糖耐量试验和葡糖糖激发试验。葡萄糖耐量试验为一步筛查法,待检查者需在空腹状态下口服75克葡萄糖后检测血糖水平;葡萄糖激发试验则要分两步进行,待检查者需在非禁食状态下口服50克葡萄糖负荷后检测血糖水平,如结果呈阳性,则在空腹状态下进行100克葡萄糖负荷的口服葡萄糖耐量试验。

研究流程

研究人员将23792名符合条件的孕妇随机分为两组,分别使用一步法或两步法进行妊娠期糖尿病筛查。研究人员纳入考虑的主要结局包括妊娠期糖尿病、巨大胎儿、围产期综合结局(死产、新生儿期死亡、肩难产及多种分娩损伤)、妊娠期高血压等。结果显示,一步组中有16.5%的女性最终确诊妊娠期糖尿病,两步组中有8.5%确诊,相对风险比(未校正)为1.94。

两组受试者临床结局

在后续分析中,研究人员计算了一步组和两步组参与者主要结局的发生率:巨大胎儿分别为8.9%和9.2%;围产期综合结局分别为3.1%和3.0%;妊娠高血压或先兆子痫分别为13.6%和13.5%;初次剖宫产分别为24.0%和24.6%。总的来说,两组参与者的主要结局发生率没有显着差异。

此研究表明,在妊娠期糖尿病的筛查中,尽管一步法比两步法检出率更高,但并不影响大胎龄儿、不良围产期结局、初次剖宫产、妊娠高血压或先兆子痫的风险。这一结果对临床上妊娠期糖尿病筛查法的选择具有重要的指导意义。

原始出处:

Teresa A. Hillier, et al. A Pragmatic,Randomized Clinical Trial of Gestational Diabetes Screening. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:895-904. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2026028.

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    2021-06-19 ms732443500992323

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    2021-03-27 ms5000001280865920

    妊娠期糖尿病不容忽视的孕期并发症

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    2021-03-19 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

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    2021-03-19 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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