AGING CELL:线粒体DNA突变加剧女性生殖衰老

2020-08-06 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

衰老是决定男性生育能力和女性生育能力的关键因素之一。事实上,女性的生育能力通常在24岁时达到顶峰,30岁后逐渐下降,50岁后很少怀孕。

衰老是决定男性生育能力和女性生育能力的关键因素之一。事实上,女性的生育能力通常在24岁时达到顶峰,30岁后逐渐下降,50岁后很少怀孕。

已有的研究显示,哺乳动物的衰老与体细胞异质线粒体DNA(mtDNA)突变的积累有关。但是至今为止,我们对于衰老积累的mtDNA突变是否以及如何调控生育能力仍然未知。

最近,研究人员分析了年轻(≤30岁)和老年(≥38岁)女性卵母细胞的质量。研究人员将接受体外受精(IVF)或卵胞浆内精子注射(ICSI)的女性患者分为年轻组(≤30岁)和老年组(≥38岁),研究年龄对卵母细胞mtDNA突变的影响。研究人员发现,女性患者的卵母细胞在衰老过程中积累了更多的mtDNA点突变。老年组的囊胚形成率较低,卵母细胞中mtDNA点突变较多。

为了检验mtDNA点突变与不孕症的因果作用,研究人员采用聚合酶γ(POLG)突变小鼠。在小鼠中,研究人员进一步验证了,mtDNA突变水平与生育能力成反比,有趣的是,其主要影响的不是雄性,而是雌性的生育能力,mtDNA突变通过减少卵巢原始卵泡和成熟卵泡来降低雌性小鼠的生育能力。

对机理的研究显示,mtDNA突变的积累是通过损害卵母细胞的NADH/NAD+氧化还原状态来降低生育力的,而这是可以通过烟酰胺单核苷酸的治疗来挽救的。

综上所述,该研究通过系统比较年轻和高龄女性患者卵母细胞的质量和mtDNA突变情况,表明mtDNA点突变与卵母细胞质量成反比,这为辅助生殖中胚胎成活率提供了另一个潜在的生物标志物,并证明NMN是治疗mtDNA突变引起的卵母细胞老化的潜在候选药物。

 

原始出处:

Liang Yang et al. Mitochondrial DNA mutation exacerbates female reproductive aging via impairment of the NADH/NAD+ redox, AGING CELL (2020). 

 

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    2021-05-16 维他命
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    2021-01-18 起始生命的守护人

    可以与临床病例结合,进一步明确机制

    0

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    2020-08-06 神盾医疗局局长Jack

    潜在药物

    0

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