肝癌椎管内硬脊膜外转移1例

2020-02-12 缪逸涛 杨军 陈庚 中国临床神经外科杂志

男,43岁,因胸背部持续性刺痛2个月加重10 d,伴双下肢无力、麻木逐渐加重、大小便功能障碍5 d入院。既往肺结核病史20年,乙型病毒性肝炎病史10年。入院前10 d当地县医院肺部CT检查示双肺上叶、右肺下叶陈旧性结核;胸8椎体水平椎管内异常稍高密度影。

1.病例资料
 
男,43岁,因胸背部持续性刺痛2个月加重10 d,伴双下肢无力、麻木逐渐加重、大小便功能障碍5 d入院。既往肺结核病史20年,乙型病毒性肝炎病史10年。入院前10 d当地县医院肺部CT检查示双肺上叶、右肺下叶陈旧性结核;胸8椎体水平椎管内异常稍高密度影。
 
入院时体格检查:第7、8胸椎棘突及椎旁压痛、叩击痛,双下肢肌力0级,肌张力降低;脐平面以下皮肤痛、温觉减退。入院后胸椎MRI检查示:胸7、8椎体水平椎管内硬脊膜外大小约3.5 cm×3.0 cm×2.0 cm等T1、稍长T2信号影(图1A、1B),增强扫描呈较均匀明显强化,边界欠清,部分延伸至胸7~8左侧椎间孔并侵蚀部分骨质,相应水平脊髓明显受压前移(图1C、1D),胸3、8、9椎体内见斑片状等T1、等T2信号影(图1A、1B),增强扫描呈较均匀明显强化(图1C)。术前诊断:胸7、8椎体水平椎管内硬脊膜外占位性病变,考虑恶性可能。





图1A~D. 术前MRI,可见胸7、8椎体水平椎管内硬脊膜外大小约3.5 cm×3.0 cm×2.0 cm等T1、稍长T2信号影,增强扫描呈较均匀明显强化,边界欠清,部分延伸至胸7~8左侧椎间孔并侵蚀部分骨质,相应水平脊髓明显受压前移;
 
术前门冬氨酸氨基转移酶65.4 U/L,丙氨酸氨基转移酶96.1 U/L,乙肝表面抗原阳性。全麻下行后正中入路椎管内占位切除术。超声骨刀整块打开椎板后,见灰褐色肿瘤位于胸7、8椎体椎管内硬脊膜外并有部分沿左侧椎间孔侵及椎管外,脊髓明显受压被推向右前方。肿瘤血供丰富,质地中等,边界欠清。术中行神经电生理监测,显微镜下整块切除肿瘤及受侵硬脊膜、椎骨。
 
术后病理示:转移性腺癌,结合免疫组化结果考虑肝脏来源。术后肺部CT及甲状腺超声检查未见原发或转移病灶,肝胆胰脾CT增强示肝硬化、肝内多发占位性病变,考虑恶性病变,原发性肝癌可能性大。血清糖链抗原125 107.89 U/ml,甲胎蛋白719.63 ng/ml。术后胸背部刺痛感消失,术后1周时双下肢肌力1级,复查胸椎MRI证实肿瘤全切(图1E、1F)。出院后随访3个月,双下肢肌力3级,大小便功能障碍明显改善,但因家属放弃治疗,于出院后4个月死亡。


图1 E、F. 术后矢状位、轴位增强MRI,可见肿瘤全切
 
2.讨论
 
原发性肝癌通常经淋巴管向肝门周围的区域淋巴结转移,通过血行向远处转移,最常见的转移部位依次是肺、肾上腺、局部淋巴结和骨骼。但以脊髓压迫为首发症状的肝癌椎管内硬脊膜外转移较少见。其转移的机制可能如下:与脑转移或肺转移共存,经动脉途径播散;经椎静脉丛播散;经蛛网膜下腔播散;邻近病灶的直接侵入。本文病例胸椎MRI显示胸3、8、9椎体内亦存在异常信号影,不排除并存椎体转移的可能。椎管内肿瘤根据其定位分为三种:硬脊膜外、硬脊膜内髓外和髓内。但恶性转移通常多见于硬脊膜外。其症状由肿瘤进行性压迫脊髓及其神经根所致。初期特点为受压神经后根所支配的区域内出现神经根性疼痛或感觉异常。随着肿瘤快速生长、侵袭以及瘤周水肿、出血导致症状迅速加重,短期内即出现脊髓半侧损害综合征或不完全性截瘫并迅速进展至完全性截瘫。
 
本文病例满足以上临床特点,并存在长期乙型病毒性肝炎病史,肝功能异常,肝内多发占位且血清甲胎蛋白达719.63 ng/ml。提示如早期诊治,在神经根性疼痛发生时即行减压,可避免截瘫发生。本文病例存在肺结核病史,在诊断时亦需注意与脊柱结核相鉴别。原发性肝癌椎管内转移通常已是癌症晚期的表现之一,且家属多选择放弃治疗,故此类病人预后较差。但为减轻肝癌转移病人疼痛,提高总生存期内生活质量,及早发现脊髓压迫症状并给予姑息治疗是必要的。放疗时因局部正常脊髓需耐受与肿瘤相同的照射剂量,副作用较大,有加重原有功能障碍的风险。故一旦发现椎管内转移,应及早行手术以解除肿瘤对脊髓的压迫,挽救脊髓及神经功能。
 
原始出处:

缪逸涛,杨军,陈庚,洪新雨.肝癌椎管内硬脊膜外转移1例[J].中国临床神经外科杂志,2019,24(01):62-63.

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    2020-09-18 ms2000001313681173

    已读

    0

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    2020-12-11 bugit
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    2020-03-04 1474f4afm33暂无昵称

    感觉这个术前没查清楚

    0

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886243, encodeId=6b6288624382, content=已读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1c305416237, createdName=ms2000001313681173, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 05:14:19 CST 2020, time=2020-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1690788, encodeId=cda21690e88f2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de3362880f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#椎管内#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62880, encryptionId=de3362880f1, topicName=椎管内)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ae6d29130493, createdName=bugit, createdTime=Fri Dec 11 23:35:00 CST 2020, time=2020-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1724270, encodeId=888c1e24270d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=71c1628e901' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#椎管#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62879, encryptionId=71c1628e901, topicName=椎管)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7d4e33593434, createdName=caobinglei8090, createdTime=Thu Jan 07 16:35:00 CST 2021, time=2021-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=380048, encodeId=821d3800481e, content=感觉这个术前没查清楚, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0de55206789, createdName=1474f4afm33暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Mar 04 04:34:58 CST 2020, time=2020-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1515785, encodeId=a6a81515e8564, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=92ace361409' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#硬脊膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73614, encryptionId=92ace361409, topicName=硬脊膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c70110872610, createdName=ms7421025882867189, createdTime=Fri Feb 14 00:35:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1040260, encodeId=256f104026067, content=肝癌,接下来就要细分了,对于体质好的病人,能否将PD-1类+抗血管新生+放疗等相结合,甚至有必要用TACE进行减负, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=留走人康, createdTime=Wed Feb 12 12:35:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-02-12 留走人康

    肝癌,接下来就要细分了,对于体质好的病人,能否将PD-1类+抗血管新生+放疗等相结合,甚至有必要用TACE进行减负

    0

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