Nat Cell Bio:晚期乳腺癌患者中找到一种神秘蛋白,有望治疗乳腺癌

2020-05-29 Lauren 转化医学网

导言:目前乳腺癌的病因尚未明确,早期乳腺癌往往不具备典型的症状和体征,不易引起重视,但乳腺癌的发病率位居女性恶性肿瘤之首,因此女性往往谈之色变。乳腺癌的早发现、早诊断是提高疗效的关键。最近南澳大利亚的

导言:目前乳腺癌的病因尚未明确,早期乳腺癌往往不具备典型的症状和体征,不易引起重视,但乳腺癌的发病率位居女性恶性肿瘤之首,因此女性往往谈之色变。乳腺癌的早发现、早诊断是提高疗效的关键。最近南澳大利亚的科学家们发现了一种Creld2蛋白,这种蛋白会劫持正常的细胞,促进肿瘤的生长和扩散,阻断这种蛋白是目前研究的重要课题,这种蛋白的发现有望阻止乳腺癌的生长和扩散。

乳腺癌常被称为“粉红杀手”,其发病率位居女性恶性肿瘤的首位。据2018年国际癌症研究机构(IARC)调查的最新数据显示,乳腺癌在全球女性癌症中的发病率为24.2%,位居女性癌症的首位,其中52.9%发生在发展中国家。

在我国,乳腺癌的发病率呈逐年的上升趋势,每年有30多万女性被诊断出乳腺癌。在东部沿海地区及经济发达的大城市,乳腺癌发病率上升尤其明显。从发病年龄来看,我国乳腺癌发病率从20岁以后开始逐渐上升,45~50岁达到高值。随着新的治疗策略和方法的普及,全球乳腺癌的死亡率逐步下降。

南澳大利亚的科学家们已经取得了一项重大突破,发现了一种晦涩的蛋白质是如何导致乳腺癌快速发展和生长的。

与首席科学家玛丽娜·科切特科瓦(Marina Kochetkova)博士共同领导这项研究的癌症生物学中心(CCB)的资深UniSa研究人员、副教授迈克尔·塞缪尔(Michael Samuet)表示,一种称为Creld2的高表达的蛋白质与最具有侵袭性的乳腺癌有关,这种蛋白质会导致乳腺癌的存活率更低。

该研究在5月26日发表在《自然生物学》(Nature Cell Biology)上,在论文中研究人员描述了侵袭性乳腺癌是如何产生Creld2的,Ceald2又是如何劫持健康细胞来促进肿瘤进展的。

塞缪尔表示,“科学家们识别出这种蛋白已经有一段时间了,但是尚未对其进行深入研究,直到现在我们还没有了解它在乳腺癌中扮演的角色。Creld2似乎让包围在肿瘤周边的正常的、健康的细胞表现异常,进而帮助肿瘤的生长。

CCB的研究小组是南澳大利亚大学和南澳病理研究所的联盟,该研究小组目前正在专注于破坏或阻断Creld2的治疗方法,目的是为了阻止乳腺癌在体内的生长和扩散。

在三阴性乳腺癌中找到了高表达的Creld2,三阴性乳腺癌在澳大利亚占所有乳腺癌的15%,这种三阴乳腺癌很难治疗,且存活率很低,在年轻女性中也很常见。

乳腺癌的预后与疾病的发展阶段密切相关,疾病越早被发现,则患者5年内存活的机会就越大。据国际癌症组织统计的数据,乳腺癌患者5年相对生存率为89.9%,其中原位癌的5年生存率为98.8%,早期浸润癌的5年生存率为85.5%,而浸润癌发生远处转移的5年生存率仅27.4%。

Creld2在肾癌、非黑色素瘤性皮肤癌(澳大利亚最常见的诊断出来的癌症)和侵袭性鳞状细胞癌中也有发现。如果早期没有检测出来的话,这些癌症都可能会致命。

这些癌症的预后都不好,如果研究人员能够找到破坏或阻阻断这一蛋白的治疗方法,就有可能潜在的阻止肿瘤的生长和扩散。

原始出处:

Sarah Theresa Boyle, Valentina Poltavets, Jasreen Kular, et.al. ROCK-mediated selective activation of PERK signalling causes fibroblast reprogramming and tumour progression through a CRELD2-dependent mechanism. Nature Cell Biology

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    2020-07-16 liye789132251
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    2021-01-10 sunylz
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    2021-04-06 维他命
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JCI:丹麦科学家在年轻女性身上发现了新的乳腺癌基因

导言:据2018年国际癌症研究机构(IARC)调查的最新数据显示,乳腺癌在全球女性癌症中的发病率为24.2%,位居女性癌症的首位,其中52.9%发生在发展中国家。在我国,乳腺癌的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,