BMC Infectious Diseases:“汪星人”加入抗疫战队!新冠病毒检测率高达94%

2020-08-07 探索菌 生物探索

导盲搜救、犯罪破案、缉毒探险,都少不了“汪星人”的身影,甚至还被训练识别癌症。全球新冠疫情(COVID-19)累计确诊已经超过1800万,面对如此严峻的形式, 能否训练“汪星人”与我们一起并肩作战?

为什么大家喜欢把嗅觉灵敏的鼻子称为“狗鼻子”。因为狗拥有完全碾压人类的嗅觉系统,它的嗅觉约是人类嗅觉的1200倍。现代社会中,导盲搜救、犯罪破案、缉毒探险,都少不了“汪星人”的身影,它们甚至还被训练识别癌症。当前,全球新冠疫情(COVID-19)累计确诊已经超过1800万,面对如此严峻的形式, 能否训练“汪星人”与我们一起并肩作战?

近日,来自德国汉诺威兽医大学和德国国防部队的研究人员在《BMC Infectious Diseases》(BMC传染病)上发表的一项研究证实,这是可行的:受过训练的探测犬可以通过识别呼吸道分泌物来区分新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染患者和未感染者。

具体来说,研究人员从住院的COVID-19患者中收集了唾液样品和气管支气管分泌物样品,这些患者都经过鼻咽拭子检测被诊断为SARS-CoV-2阳性。阴性对照样品获自SARS-CoV-2阴性人群,他们从未有COVID-19的病史,近期也没有感冒或感染病史。

参与研究的八只探测犬来自德国国防部队,为了保护它们及其训练员在训练期间不受感染,COVID-19患者的所有样品都使用了β丙内酯(BPL)进行灭活。

训练仅用了一周时间,这些探测犬就能区分新冠病毒感染者与未感染者。在训练的第二天,它们的平均检出率仅为50%,而在第五天,该值增加到了70%,在第七天甚至达到了81%。在这项受控的双盲检测研究中,总共进行了10388次样品展示。

在随机1012个样本中,这些探测犬的总体平均检测率达到94%(±3.4%)。其中包括157个正确的阳性样本,792个正确的阴性样本。总诊断灵敏度为82.63%(95% CI:82.02–83.24%),特异性为96.35%(95% CI:96.31–96.39%)。

与细菌相比,病毒没有自己的新陈代谢,因此通过宿主代谢过程,被感染的人体细胞会释放出挥发性有机化合物,这使得病原体的特定气味可以被犬类探测到。

最初,人们认为狗不会感染SARS-COV-2。但最近的单例感染报告显示,狗同样能被SARS-COV-2感染。因此,想要使用探测犬作为“生物检测武器”,研究人员首先要解决的是,如何保证探测犬不被SARS-COV-2感染。

对此,研究人员表示,目前正在开发新策略用于安全展示未灭活的样品。

总结来说,这项研究提供了一种新的SARS-CoV-2筛查方法,但该结果仅为初步研究,还需要进一步研究以获得该检测方法在现场的适用性。如果该方法被启用,SARS-CoV-2检测犬可以在各种公共场所中提供有效且可靠的感染检测技术,并可以作为常规RT-PCR筛选的替代或补充方法,这势必会极大地节约检测成本并提高检测效率。

原始出处:

Paula Jendrny, Claudia Schulz, Friederike Twele,et al.Scent dog identification of samples from COVID-19 patients - a pilot study.BMC Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 23;20(1):536. doi: 10.1186/s12879-020-05281-3.

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    2020-08-09 Tamikia
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    2020-08-09 dongjia2015
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    2020-08-07 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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因应社区不同处所或行业均出现确诊感染群组,香港特区政府早前为较高风险的职业提供一次性新冠病毒测试,涵盖安老院舍员工、的士及小巴司机等合共约50万人。香港特区政府5日晚间透露,截至4日,已进行逾9万次检