支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉夹层动脉瘤1例

2018-10-24 宋平 罗明 蔡强 国际脑血管病杂志

颈部夹层动脉分离(cervical artery dissection,CeAD)是指各种原因引起的颈部脑供血动脉内膜撕脱,血液进入血管壁形成壁间血肿,血肿逐渐累及管腔造成血管狭窄,或向血管外膜延伸形成夹层动脉瘤。CeAD在中青年卒中人群中的患病率高达8%~25%,具体病因不明,高血压、外伤、头颈部推拿按摩、感染、偏头痛、先天性血管纤维肌性发育不良等可能是其危险因素。

颈部夹层动脉分离(cervical artery dissection,CeAD)是指各种原因引起的颈部脑供血动脉内膜撕脱,血液进入血管壁形成壁间血肿,血肿逐渐累及管腔造成血管狭窄,或向血管外膜延伸形成夹层动脉瘤。CeAD在中青年卒中人群中的患病率高达8%~25%,具体病因不明,高血压、外伤、头颈部推拿按摩、感染、偏头痛、先天性血管纤维肌性发育不良等可能是其危险因素。
 
颈内动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种常见的脑血管病,分为自发性和外伤性,以颅外段最为常见。随着医学的发展和影像学技术的提高,许多CeAD患者在症状较轻时即可被确诊,其发病率为2.67/10万,是青年卒中的重要原因之一。由于该病临床表现各异,缺乏特异性,可表现无或轻微到大面积脑梗死或脑出血,因此常被漏诊。CeAD可自愈或反复发作甚至遗留严重后遗症,因此早期筛查和积极诊治对改善患者预后具有重要意义。现报道武汉市第一医院神经外科收治的1例支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的颈内动脉夹层动脉瘤患者。
 
患者男性,56岁,因“右侧肢体一过性麻木5d,左侧肢体麻木无力伴头颈部疼痛2h”入院。既往体健,有长期头颈部按摩史。体格检查:血压150/80mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),心率70次/min,体温36.5℃;神志清楚,双侧瞳孔等大等圆,直径2.5mm,光反射灵敏,双侧眼球活动自如,双侧鼻唇沟对称,伸舌正常,深浅感觉正常,四肢肌力5级,肌张力可,腱反射对称,病理征阴性。
 
神经影像学检查:头颅CT示脑干、双侧基底节区腔隙性梗死,部分病灶软化,伴脑白质变性(图1A);头颅MRI示脑干、双侧基底节和半卵圆中心区多发性梗死,部分病灶软化灶,伴深部脑白质缺血(图1B);弥散加权成像(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)示颅内未见明显扩散受限灶(图1C);头颈部CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)示右侧颈内动脉起始段部分管壁结节状突起,直径约4mm,部分管腔呈瘤样扩张,直径约9mm(图1D);全脑数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)示右侧颈内动脉C2-C3段管腔不规则狭窄伴梭形扩张,静脉期对比剂滞留呈线样改变,夹层动脉近端和远端各可见5.7mm×3.6mm、4.6mm×8.9mm瘤样突起,余血管可见部分动脉粥样硬化斑块,未见明显狭窄或闭塞(图2~3)。
 
图1  头颅无创性神经影像学检查结果。A:CT示脑干和双侧基底节区腔隙性梗死,部分病灶软化,伴脑白质变性;B:MRI示脑干、双侧基底节和半卵圆中心区多发性梗死,部分病灶软化灶,深部脑白质缺血;C:弥散加权成像未见明显扩散受限灶;D:CT血管造影示右侧颈内动脉起始段部分管壁可见结节状突起,直径约4 mm,部分管腔呈瘤样扩张,直径约9 mm
 
血液化验结果:总胆固醇5.55mmol/L,三酰甘油6.16mmol/L,肝肾功能、电解质、凝血功能等大致正常。外院颈部血管彩超可见双侧颈部粥样斑块形成,后因考虑CeAD由神经内科转入神经外科。患者服用阿司匹林+氯吡格雷联合抗血小板治疗(均为75mg,口服,1次/d),1周后在全身麻醉下行颈内动脉夹层动脉瘤支架成形+弹簧圈栓塞术。手术简要经过:麻醉成功后,采用Seldinger技术行双侧股动脉穿刺置入8F(左)和5F(右)导管鞘,将8F导引导管升至右侧颈内动脉起始部行3D脑血管造影,于右侧颈内动脉起始部发现夹层动脉瘤,其中近心端为小夹层动脉瘤呈窄颈囊袋样,远心端夹层动脉瘤膨大且颈宽(图2~3)。
 
图2  全脑数字减影血管造影。右侧颈内动脉C2-C3段管腔不规则狭窄伴梭形扩张,静脉期对比剂滞留呈线样改变,提示夹层动脉瘤;大脑前动脉A1段供应双侧A2
 
图3  术中和术后数字减影血管造影。远端动脉瘤较为致密填塞,腔内无对比剂充盈,近端小动脉瘤造影体积较支架覆盖前减少,右侧颈内动脉保持通畅
 
泥鳅导丝辅助将5F导引导管输送至右侧颈内动脉起始部,尾端接Y阀连生理盐水持续滴注。体外根据动脉瘤形态将Echelon10微导管塑型。全身肝素化,在路图示踪下先经5F导引导管将微导管在微导丝辅助下升至颈内动脉起始部并导入远端大动脉瘤腔内2/3处,尾端连Y阀接生理盐水持续灌滴。再经8F导引导管将SEPX-6-40-135颈动脉支架在微导丝辅助下跨动脉瘤颈口升入颈内动脉岩骨段,调整支架将夹层动脉瘤颈口覆盖后释放,共2个支架。再经微导管向动脉瘤腔输送1个Axium4-8-3D微弹簧圈,成篮满意后解脱弹簧圈。继续经微导管向瘤腔内填入弹簧圈Axium4-8-HELIX2个、Axium3-4-HELIX1个,前后共计填塞4个弹簧圈。常规造影示远端动脉瘤较为致密填塞,腔内无对比剂充盈,近端小动脉瘤造影体积较支架覆盖前减少,故暂未填塞,拟待3个月复查后再行后续处理,右侧颈内动脉保持通畅。术后予以抗纤溶、抗血小板、抗脑血管痉挛、护脑、营养神经和对症治疗,1周后患者症状好转出院。

原始出处:

宋平, 罗明, 蔡强,等. 支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颈内动脉夹层动脉瘤:1例报道并文献复习[J]. 国际脑血管病杂志, 2017, 25(6).

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    2018-10-24 天地飞扬

    了解一下,谢谢分享!

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1928305, encodeId=ed0f192830506, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b9805010209' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#弹簧圈栓塞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50102, encryptionId=b9805010209, topicName=弹簧圈栓塞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ad8182, createdName=axin009, createdTime=Wed Apr 03 22:20:00 CST 2019, time=2019-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1519583, encodeId=97ba15195837a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b63a3323558' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#动脉夹层#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=33235, encryptionId=b63a3323558, topicName=动脉夹层)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ae5711287462, createdName=mhzhuang@stu.e, createdTime=Fri Oct 26 10:20:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1615743, encodeId=e31b1615e433b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4b501005114a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#颈内动脉#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100511, encryptionId=4b501005114a, topicName=颈内动脉)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=71c019667486, createdName=644982816_68283327, createdTime=Fri Oct 26 10:20:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350412, encodeId=cbc035041289, content=了解一下,谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 21:52:34 CST 2018, time=2018-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=350403, encodeId=66c5350403e3, content=支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞的治疗。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160806/IMG57A5698BDB0244113.jpg, createdBy=32a91358059, createdName=jyzxjiangqin, createdTime=Wed Oct 24 21:00:47 CST 2018, time=2018-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-24 jyzxjiangqin

    支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞的治疗。

    0

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