“二甲双胍+胰岛素”vs“二甲双胍+磺脲类药物”,谁的降糖疗效和心血管结局更好?

2022-09-05 liangying MedSci原创

接受二甲双胍-磺脲类药物治疗的患者达到目标HbA1c水平的比例较高,且与接受二甲双胍-胰岛素治疗的患者相比,复合心血管结局较少。

2019年全球有4.63亿人患有糖尿病,预计到2030年这一数字将达到5.78亿,到2045年将达到7亿。2型糖尿病(T2DM)是最常见和最复杂的疾病形式,占糖尿病估计病例的90%以上,且尚无治愈方法,其并发症的风险也在逐渐增加,包括糖尿病视网膜病变、神经病变、肾损害和心血管并发症。其中,心血管疾病(CVD)是T2DM患者的常见并发症和主要死亡原因。

美国糖尿病协会建议将生活方式改变作为治疗新发T2DM患者的第一步。然而,为了实现和维持患者特定的血糖目标,大多数患者需要降糖药物。目前,二甲双胍是T2DM患者的一线常用药物,因为其具有心脏保护作用、减轻体重和预防某些共病等方面的潜在优势。如果生活方式改变和二甲双胍治疗的最大耐受剂量未能在三个月随访内达到患者的目标血糖,则该方案将改为联合治疗。

二甲双胍和磺脲类药物是治疗T2DM最常用的联合疗法。磺酰脲类药物被推荐为2型糖尿病的二线治疗方案,但它们仍被广泛用作与二甲双胍结合用药的一线治疗。胰岛素也是是二甲双胍单药治疗和生活方式干预失败的T2DM患者的二线抗糖尿病药物之一。

美国糖尿病协会目前的护理标准建议是:新诊断的2型糖尿病且HbA1c水平≥8.5%的患者应开始二甲双胍与胰岛素或二甲双胺与磺脲类药物的联合治疗。然而,没有明确的证据表明二甲双胍-胰岛素或二甲双胍-磺脲类药物组合对主要治疗结果的相对优势。因此,有研究比较了“二甲双胍+胰岛素”与“二甲双胍+磺脲类药物”联合治疗对T2DM患者血糖控制的效果和心血管结局风险的影响。

研究者在埃塞俄比亚五家三级医院进行了一项比较性横断面研究。共招募了321名2型糖尿病患者,他们正在接受二甲双胍-胰岛素或二甲双胍-磺脲类药物联合治疗,并持续进行了治疗随访。研究者审查了他们的医疗记录,以调查药物疗效、安全性和依从性。主要结果指标是血糖控制,次要结果指标是复合心血管结果。

在入选的所有参与者中,50.5%(n=162)接受二甲双胍-胰岛素治疗,49.5%(n=159)接受了二甲双胍-磺脲类药物联合治疗,平均随访48个月。结果发现,二甲双胍-胰岛素(−1.04±0.96%)和二甲双胍-磺酰脲(−1.02±1.03%)对Hb1Ac水平的降低具有可比性,p = 0.912。接受二甲双胍-磺酰脲类治疗的患者达到目标糖化血红蛋白水平的可能性是接受二甲双胍-胰岛素治疗的患者的4.3倍,p<0.001,调整后的优势比(AOR), 95% CI = 4.31[1.79-10.32]。

糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白目标水平相关因素的双因素和多因素Logistic回归分析

二甲双胍-胰岛素组复合心血管结局的风险较高(40.5%vs 34.0%),p=0.021。共病率、体重指数、收缩压和HbA1c与复合心血管结局显著相关。体重、HDL-C、LDL-C和甘油三酯水平的降低以及微血管并发症在两组之间存在差异,p<0.05。

总之,通过研究比较发现,接受二甲双胍-磺脲类药物治疗的患者达到目标HbA1c水平的比例较高,且与接受二甲双胍-胰岛素治疗的患者相比,复合心血管结局较少。然而,这些发现必须通过随机对照试验来证实,进一步确定与胰岛素使用相关的风险及其在2型糖尿病患者中作为二线治疗维持疗效。

参考文献:1.Gebrie D, Manyazewal T, A Ejigu D, Makonnen E. Metformin-Insulin versus Metformin-Sulfonylurea Combination Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes: A Comparative Study of Glycemic Control and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021 Jul 24;14:3345-3359. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S312997. 

2.Connelly KA, Yan AT, Leiter LA, et al. Cardiovascular implications of hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitusCirculation. 2015;132(24):2345–2350. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.015946

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    2022-11-22 baoya
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    2022-09-06 forvalen

    有点小**。内心讨厌磺脲

    0

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通过研究得知:“真”食物刺激会引发炎症因子释放,促进胰岛素分泌;而肥胖导致头期胰岛素分泌受损,可通过抑制炎症因子预防。

Nat Commun:王凯亮/卞兆祥团队发现一种新的胰岛素抵抗调节机制和衰老相关糖尿病的治疗靶点

2型糖尿病(T2D)是一种慢性代谢性疾病,全球约有3. 7亿成年患者。健康人群中,胰腺分泌的激素胰岛素可以调控餐后血糖。