Science Advances:浙大祝赛勇团队成功建立人胰岛前体细胞高效扩增培养新体系

2022-03-04 BW “生物世界”公众号

祝赛勇实验室将人多能干细胞分化为胰岛前体细胞,再进一步分化成胰岛细胞,或可治疗糖尿病。

糖尿病是一种全球高发慢性病,严重影响着数亿人健康。目前,胰岛移植是糖尿病治疗中极具前景的一种方法,但该疗法仍面临供体来源短缺、免疫排斥等限制因素

人多能干细胞具有自我更新和定向分化为功能性细胞的潜能。过去二十多年里,人多能干细胞分化为胰岛细胞技术取得了重大进展。然而,该分化过程经历多个中间步骤,操作难度大,极其耗时耗力。在分化过程中,胰岛前体细胞具有自我更新能力,而且利用其分化为胰岛细胞更具安全性和可控性。因此,建立胰岛前体细胞的培养体系是领域内至关重要的问题之一。但是,由于人胰岛前体细胞自我更新的分子机制尚不明确,建立可稳定扩增的人胰岛前体细胞培养体系存在困难。

2022 年 2 月 23 日,浙江大学祝赛勇实验室在Science Advances 期刊发表题为:Human expandable pancreatic progenitor-derived β cells ameliorate diabetes 的研究论文。

该研究首先通过化学小分子筛选,发现含溴结构域和额外终端域家族蛋白抑制剂 I-BET151 可以有效促进胰岛前体细胞(Pancreatic progenitors, PPs)的扩增。通过进一步测试和优化,成功建立了胰岛前体细胞扩增培养新体系。

这些可扩增的胰岛前体细胞(expandable PPs, ePPs)可长期维持胰岛前体细胞状态,并具有高效分化为功能成熟的胰岛 β 细胞(ePP-β)的能力。特别重要的是,将 ePP-β 细胞移植到体内后可迅速改善小鼠的糖尿病,因而在细胞移植疗法中具有巨大的潜力。

图 1. 人胰岛前体细胞长期稳定高效扩增培养新体系及其临床转化

本研究中,祝赛勇实验室首先将人多能干细胞分化为胰岛前体细胞。随后,团队进行小分子文库筛选,并幸运地发现了 I-BET151 可以显着提高 PDX1 和 NKX6.1 双阳性胰岛前体细胞的比例。通过反复验证和优化,最终建立了可扩增的胰岛前体细胞的培养体系。

利用该条件,胰岛前体细胞的纯度达到了 90% 以上,可以稳定冻存和复苏,并且实现了长期稳定培养扩增。在培养过程中,这些可扩增的胰岛前体细胞维持了前体细胞的特征、稳定的核型和自我更新能力。值得一提的,胰岛前体细胞系可以进一步高效分化为具有生理功能的胰岛 β 细胞及胰岛类器官。这些胰岛细胞在移植到小鼠体内后能够存活并维持胰岛细胞特征,而且小鼠的糖尿病得到了显着改善。

图 2. 胰岛移植后,糖尿病小鼠血糖得到显着改善

在机制方面,I-BET151 可以特异性促进胰岛前体细胞标志基因位点的染色质可及性,加强其增强子水平,从而上调关键标志基因的表达,并稳定胰岛前体细胞的基因调控网络。

综上所述,该研究首次建立了人胰岛前体细胞长期稳定高效扩增的培养体系,通过扩增培养获得的人胰岛前体细胞能够进一步快速高效地分化为具有生理功能的人胰岛细胞,实质性优化了大量制备具有生理功能的人胰岛细胞及胰岛类器官的技术难题,因而在细胞疗法、疾病模型、药物筛选和基础研究等方面具有广泛的应用前景。

 

祝赛勇实验室长期聚焦在干细胞生物学、化学生物学和再生医学等前沿领域,相关研究成果发表在 Nature、Cell Stem Cell、Cell Research、Science Advances、Nature Communications 和 EMBO Journal 等国际知名期刊。近年来,开展并完成了一系列有关细胞命运小分子调控的研究工作:筛选发现了促进精准基因编辑的小分子药物,相关工作发表在 Nature Communications(2018)。筛选发现显着提高小鼠细胞重编程效率的小分子,并揭示细胞命运调控及转换新机制,该工作发表在 EMBO Journal(2021)。在多能干细胞向胰岛细胞分化方面取得不错进展,实质性解决了胰岛前体细胞长期稳定高效扩增这一难题,相关工作发表在 Science Advances(2022)。今后将继续深耕干细胞生物学与再生医学等前沿领域,争取在细胞命运小分子调控方向取得更多进展。

原始出处:

Xiaojie Ma, et al. Human expandable pancreatic progenitor–derived β cells ameliorate diabetes. SCIENCE ADVANCES, 23 Feb 2022, Vol 8,Issue 8.

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    2022-03-28 baoya
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    2022-03-15 ms5000000254917531

    学习了

    0

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    2022-03-08 ms9000000046672090

    糖尿病是长期慢性疾病,胰岛素存在短缺耐药等困难、还需要新的治疗

    0

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    2022-03-01 jichang
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