Clin Nutrition:早期热量不足与有创通气的COVID-19患者较高的死亡风险有关

2022-05-20 xuyihan MedSci原创

在现代临床医学中,呼吸机作为一项能人工替代自主通气功能的有效手段,已普遍用于各种原因所致的呼吸衰竭、大手术期间的麻醉呼吸管理、呼吸支持治疗和急救复苏中,在现代医学领域内占有十分重要的位置。

开始于2019年的新型冠状病毒病(COVID-19) 大流行严重影响了世界各地的医疗保健系统,并造成大量民众的死亡。大多数患者的临床症状较轻,然而,也有许多感染者会出现严重的临床表现,需要在重症监护室(ICU) 里接受先进的器官支持治疗。先前的研究表明,在 ICU 中,由于无法提供患者所需量的营养而导致喂养不足是很常见的。有研究显示长期在 ICU 接受治疗的患者在入住 ICU 的第一天获取的能量不足可能对ICU治疗结局(包括死亡率和获得性感染)有重要影响。本研究的目的是评估接受机械通气的2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19) 患者的营养支持管理,并探讨早期热量不足与死亡率之间的关系。

本项研究在意大利伦巴第大区的两家转诊大学医院的重症监护病房(ICU)进行前瞻性试验。在 ICU 住院期间,研究人员对 222 名接受机械通气的 COVID-19 患者进行了临床评估。除了主要的人口统计和临床数据外,研究人员还记录了每天提供的营养支持途径和数量的信息。

 

研究结果显示在第4天仍在 ICU 中的患者中(N=198)分别有 129 名(65.2%)和 72 名(36.4%)达到了令人满意的热量和蛋白质摄入量,他们获取营养的方式主要靠肠内营养制剂。在多变量分析中,第 4 天令人满意的热量摄入与较低的死亡率相关(HR = 0.46 [95%CI,0.42-0.50],P< 0.001)。轻度肥胖(体重指数 [BMI] ≥30 且 <35 kg/m2)与较高的死亡率相关(HR = 1.99 [95%CI, 1.07–3.68], P= 0.029),而中重度肥胖患者(BMI≥35 kg/m2 )从有创机械通气中脱机的可能性较小(HR = 0.71 [95%CI, 0.62–0.82], P < 0.001)。

图:营养补充与新冠预后的相关性

 

这项研究证实了肥胖在机械通气 COVID-19 患者中具有负面的影响,并表明早期热量不足可能独立地导致该患者群体的生存率恶化。因此,应尽一切努力在 ICU 住院期间对所有 COVID-19 患者实施充分及时的营养支持。

原始出处:

EmanueleCereda. Et al. Early caloric deficit is associated with a higher risk of death in invasive ventilated COVID-19 patients. Clinical Nutrition.2022.

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