Eur J Cancer:监测黑色素瘤高危患者:卷积神经网络能否取代序贯数字皮肤镜检查策略?

2022-03-12 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

序贯数字皮肤镜(SDD)通过揭示被监测皮损的动态变化,应用于黑色素瘤的早期检测。卷积神经网络(CNN)具有类似于训练有素的皮肤科医生的高诊断准确率,本文就两种方法准确率进行对比。

黑色素瘤仍然是皮肤癌死亡的主要原因,发病率仍然居高不下。一方面,早期诊断是最重要的,因为手术切除对于细小的黑色素瘤可以达到治愈目标。另一方面,由于增加了诊断检查,降低了手术活检的门槛,以及皮肤病理学家诊断黑色素瘤的门槛降低,黑色素瘤的过度诊断是一个严重的问题。因此,新的技术进步不应仅仅着眼于“不遗漏黑色素瘤”,还应着眼于“减少不必要的切除”。与肉眼相比,皮肤镜提高了黑色素瘤的诊断准确率,特别是当有经验的皮肤科医生应用时。

黑色素瘤的皮肤镜模式和各种诊断算法已经确定,但早期或无特征的黑色素瘤仍然很难诊断。因为病变模式和大小的改变经常提示恶性肿瘤,所以随着时间的推移监测有色病变是合理的。顺序数字皮肤镜(SDD)允许记录动态变化并促进黑色素瘤的检测,同时避免不必要的痣切除。通过SDD监测患者被证明在黑色素瘤风险较高的患者中特别有效,例如,在受非典型葡萄胎综合征或家族性非典型多发性葡萄胎黑色素瘤综合征影响的患者中。短期的SDD随访有助于对缺乏明确黑色素瘤特征的可疑病变做出正确的处理决定,而长期的随访侧重于对高危患者的监测,也包括不明显的病变。我们先前发现,在SDD过程中诊断出的相当大比例的黑色素瘤不能被皮肤科医生在基线图像中识别,这强调了在高危患者中使用SDD增加的诊断价值。

最近,有许多关于卷积神经网络(CNN)在临床和皮肤镜图像中检测皮肤癌的高水平诊断准确性的报告。通过这项研究,我们旨在调查目前的CNN是否可能取代SDD的诊断地位。

 一本研究使用了59名高危患者的四重图像,每个患者都包含一个黑色素瘤和3个痣(236个病灶),这些黑色素瘤在SDD期间的动态变化被诊断为黑色素瘤。在黑色素瘤诊断时,两个经过验证的CNN分类四重奏在基线或SDD随访后进行。此外,26名皮肤科医生对基线四人组进行了评级。主要结果是分类正确的四重奏的数量。

在59个基线四重奏中,CNN-1正确分类9个(15.3%),CNN-28正确分类8个(13.6%)。在基线图像中,CNN-1的敏感性为25.4%(16.1%e37.8%),特异性为92.7%(87.8%e95.7%),而CNN-2的敏感性为28.8%(18.8%e41.4%),特异性为75.7%(68.9%e81.4%)。不出所料,在SDD随访后,CNN更容易发现黑色素瘤,从而提高了敏感性(CNN-1:44.1%[32.2%e56.7%];CNN-2:49.2%[36.8%e61.6%])。皮肤科医生被告知,每个基线四重奏都含有一个黑色素瘤,平均而言,59个四重奏中有24个(22e27)被正确分类。相应地,接受当恶性评分最高的时候对黑色素瘤进行适当分类的基线四元组时,CNN-1和CNN-2分别正确地分类了59个四元组中的28个(47.5%)和22个(37.3%)。

经过实验证实CNN不能取代SDD的诊断地位。还需要进一步研究将CNN能够将关于动态变化的信息整合到分析中。

文献来源:Winkler JK,  Tschandl P,  Toberer F, Monitoring patients at risk for melanoma: May convolutional neural networks replace the strategy of sequential digital dermoscopy?Eur J Cancer 2022 01;160

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