Science:重磅!鉴定出一种导致休眠的癌细胞重新唤醒和转移的新途径

2018-09-29 佚名 细胞

在一项新的研究中,来自美国冷泉港实验室(CSHL)的研究人员确定了缓解中的癌症反弹回来的途径之一。这些知识促进了一种旨在阻止癌症复发和转移的新型治疗理念。即使在成功的癌症治疗之后,之前从原始肿瘤中脱离下来的休眠的非分裂癌细胞可能仍然存在于身体的其他地方。如果被唤醒,这些癌细胞能够增殖并生长成转移性肿瘤。这些研究肺转移的研究人员如今鉴定出伴随着炎症的能够唤醒休眠的癌细胞的信号。相关研究结果发表在20

在一项新的研究中,来自美国冷泉港实验室(CSHL)的研究人员确定了缓解中的癌症反弹回来的途径之一。这些知识促进了一种旨在阻止癌症复发和转移的新型治疗理念。即使在成功的癌症治疗之后,之前从原始肿瘤中脱离下来的休眠的非分裂癌细胞可能仍然存在于身体的其他地方。如果被唤醒,这些癌细胞能够增殖并生长成转移性肿瘤。这些研究肺转移的研究人员如今鉴定出伴随着炎症的能够唤醒休眠的癌细胞的信号。相关研究结果发表在2018年9月28日的Science期刊上,论文标题为“Neutrophil extracellular traps produced during inflammation awaken dormant cancer cells in mice”。

炎症是否能够直接导致癌症复发,如果确实如此的话,人们仍然不清楚它是如何导致的。在这项新的研究中,这些研究人员证实持续的肺部炎症,包括由烟草烟雾暴露引起的炎症,能够唤醒已扩散到肺部的休眠的乳腺癌细胞和前列腺癌细胞并让它们开始发生分裂。这些癌细胞如今能够在肺部中形成转移性肿瘤。对大多数常见的癌症而言,肿瘤转移导致大部分的癌症死亡病例。

重要的是,在冷泉港实验室副教授Mikala Egeblad的领导下,这些研究人员也发现了一种阻断这些让休眠的癌细胞唤醒的信号的方法,这一概念可能能够预防癌症复发或减轻它的复发率。

Egeblad及其团队证实通过将小鼠暴露于烟草烟雾中或一种被称为内毒素的细菌成分引起的持续性肺部炎症诱发常见的被称作中性粒细胞的白细胞以一种特殊的方式唤醒附近的休眠的癌细胞。

我们通常依靠杀死细菌和酵母等入侵者的中性粒细胞有几种方法来消灭这些入侵者。一种方法是将它们的DNA排出细胞膜外面的空间。这种被排出的DNA装饰着毒性的酶,并形成一种薄薄的被称作中性粒细胞胞外陷阱(neutrophil extracellular trap, NET)的网状陷阱,从而能够杀死病原体。

这项新的研究表明持续性的肺部炎症导致休眠的癌细胞周围的区域形成NET。NET中的两种酶---中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(neutrophil elastase, NE)和基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinase 9, MMP9)---与组织中的一种被称为层粘连蛋白(laminin)的蛋白相互作用。先是NE,随后是MMP9依次地切割层粘连蛋白。这改变了这种蛋白的形状,从而暴露出一种被称为表位(epitope)的新表面。

当被附近的休眠的癌细胞识别时,这种表位触发唤醒这些癌细胞的信号产生。Egeblad说,“这些休眠的癌细胞识别层粘连蛋白的新形状,它们说,'我们应当再次开始生长'。”

Egeblad团队构建出一种抗体来阻断这种在层粘连蛋白上暴露出来的表位。在小鼠中,这阻止了附近的休眠癌细胞重新唤醒。已开始优化这种抗体并将它与其他的干扰NET的方法进行比较。他们希望最终在人体中开展临床试验。

原始出处:
Jean Albrengues1, Mario A. Shields1, David Ng et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps produced during inflammation awaken dormant cancer cells in mice. Science, 28 Sep 2018, 361(6409):eaao4227, doi:10.1126/science.aao4227.

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    2019-01-12 yese
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    2018-10-01 yxch36
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    2018-10-01 jichang
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    2018-10-01 xxxx1054
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    2018-09-30 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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    2018-09-29 123faa6dm71暂无昵称

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