Radiology:糖尿病患者的骨骼肌MRI成像有何特殊之处?

2021-04-27 shaosai MedSci原创

糖尿病多发性神经病(DPN)在长期糖尿病患者中发病率高达50%。

糖尿病多发性神经病(DPN)在长期糖尿病患者中发病率高达50%。DPN的临床表现是对称的,并以感觉障碍为主,而运动受累主要见于DPN的晚期患者。运动功能障碍的特征是骨骼肌无力,且与DPN的严重程度有关。尽管肌肉萎缩是肌肉无力的基础,但有学者提出萎缩并不是肌肉力量下降的唯一原因。

包括Dixon序列、T2弛豫法和弥散张量成像(DTI)等MR技术已表现出无创测量骨骼肌异常的巨大潜力。Dixon序列可以直接量化水和脂肪,从而可以更精确、更可靠地衡量脂肪的浸润程度。T2弛豫法由于对肌肉含水量的变化十分敏感,因此可以评估肌肉水肿和炎症。DTI可以间接评估骨骼肌的微结构。已有多项研究表明骨骼肌水扩散特性的变化与生理变化(年龄、性别和运动)和病理变化(局部缺血、神经支配、创伤和炎症)有关。但有关2型糖尿病(DM2)患者骨骼肌的DTI研究十分有限。

近日,发表在Radiology杂志的一项研究通过MRI评估了2型糖尿病(DM2)伴或不伴糖尿病多发性神经病(DPN)患者的骨骼肌异常,为临床进一步了解DPN的发生机制提供了理论支持,为进一步的治疗及评估提供了新的参考意见。

本项前瞻性研究纳入了在2017年8月至2018年6月期间登记的DM2伴DPN患者(DPN阳性)、DM2无DPN患者(DPN阴性)和健康对照组(HC)受试者。用等速动力法测定膝关节和踝关节的肌力。下肢MRI包括Dixon序列,多分量T2 mapping、以及DTI计算的脂肪分数(FFs)、肌肉T2弛豫(T2water)、各向异性(FA)和扩散系数(平均、轴向和径向)。采用单因素方差分析和Tukey方法进行组间比较,采用多元回归模型分析MRI参数、神经传导、肌力和体重指数(BMI)之间的相关性。

本研究共纳入20名伴有DPN的患者(平均年龄65岁±9 [标准差];男性70%;平均BMI,34 kg / m2±5)、20名无DPN的患者(平均年龄64岁±9;男性55%;平均BMI 30 kg / m2±6)和20名HC患者(平均年龄61岁±10; 55%男性; BMI平均27 kg/m2±5)。经年龄、性别和BMI调整后,DPN患者的肌肉力量低于DPN阴性和HC患者上下肢的肌肉力量(跖屈肌[PF],62% vs 78% vs 89%; P < .001;膝关节伸肌[KE], 73% vs 95% vs 93%; P < .001)。DPN患者的腿部肌肉群的FF高于DPN阴性和HC参与者的FF(PF,20%vs 10%vs 8%; P <.001; KE,13%vs 8%vs 6%; P <。 001)。与HC受试者(PF,33毫秒vs 31毫秒; P <.001; KE,32毫秒vs 31毫秒; P = .002)和无DPN患者的小腿(PF,33毫秒vs 32毫秒; P = .03)相比,DPN患者的腿部肌肉群的T2water延长在多变量回归模型中,大腿水平(P <.001)的肌肉强度与FA(b = -0.0004)、T2water(b = -0.03毫秒)和FF(b = -0.1%)相关。此外,FA(b = -0.007)、T2water(b = -0.53毫秒)和FF(b = -4.0%)与小腿水平的神经传导相关(P <.001)。

图 (a)肌肉T2弛豫(T2water)和(b)各肌群扩散参数。箱形图显示了健康对照组受试者、无糖尿病多神经病变(-DPN)受试者和糖尿病多神经病变(+DPN)受试者的数据。须表示最小值和最大值。AD =轴向扩散,FA =各向异性分数,MD =平均扩散率,RD =径向扩散。

表 MRI脂肪分数、T2water和弥散参数与上、下肢肌肉组的各向异性分数、平均弥散系数、独立变量BMI和神经传导求和分数以及调整后的肌肉力量之间的关系。

本研究表明,与健康受试者的下肢所有肌肉组相比,采用多成分方法的T2water可显示患有2型糖尿病(DM2)伴神经病变患者骨骼肌中水的变化。尽管扩散张量成像的敏感性低于预期,但是当评估明显肌肉功能障碍的DM2伴神经病变患者时,各向异性分数的增加仍具有临床意义。 Dixon脂肪分数、T2water和各向异性分数随神经病变程度的增加而增加。扩散张量成像和T2water可以结合解剖测量,用以评估与DM2和神经病变有关的肌肉功能障碍。

原文出处:

Anders Stouge,Karolina S Khan,Alexander G Kristensen,et al.MRI of Skeletal Muscles in Participants with Type 2 Diabetes with or without Diabetic Polyneuropathy.DOI:10.1148/radiol.2020192647

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