JAMA Pediatr:早产儿的特殊表型是否与2岁时临床疾病、生长和神经发育差异有关?

2021-03-04 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

早产综合征由明确定义的表型组成,这些表型具有不同的新生儿发病率、儿童早期发病率、生长和2岁以下的神经发育。

早产是一种异质性综合征,其描述包括三个因素:自然流产还是医学引产,是否存在早产胎膜早破和分娩方式。也有人提出了一个表型分类系统,包括与母体、胎儿和胎盘的病因相关的特征以及分娩的体征和分娩途径。12种早产表型(即具有特定危险因素的独立生物实体、新生儿人体测量、新生儿发病率和死亡率的风险)已经被确定。

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INTERGROWTH-21新生儿研究是21世纪国际胎儿和新生儿生长联合会项目的第二阶段,该项目是2008年至2015年开展的一项基于人口的研究计划,涉及全球近7万名母亲和婴儿。在这项研究中,研究者调查了早产表型是否与2岁以下早产儿和足月婴儿的临床、流行病学、生长和神经发育差异有关。该研究结果近日发表在JAMA Pediatrics杂志上。

INTERBIO-21研究包括2012年3月至2018年6月从全球6个国家的妇产医院登记的早产儿和足月新生儿队列,从出生到2岁进行随访。所有妊娠均行超声检查。数据分析时间为2019年11月至2020年10月。

共有6529名婴儿(3312名男孩[50.7%])被纳入分析。其中,1381例为早产(出生时平均[SD]胎龄,34.4[0.1]周;5148例为足月分娩(出生时平均[SD]胎龄,39.4[0]周)。在1381例早产儿中,共发现8种表型:未检测到的母体、胎儿或胎盘状况(485例,占35.1%);感染(289例,占20.9%);先兆子痫(162例,占11.7%);胎儿窘迫(131例,占9.5%);宫内生长受限(110例,占8.0%);重度母体疾病(85例,占6.2%);出血(71例婴儿[5.1%]);先天性异常(48例婴儿[3.5%])。对于所有表型,早产是复发的危险因素。每种表型在新生儿发病率和婴儿结局方面都有差异。例如,未发现主要疾病表型的婴儿在1岁时新生儿发病率较低,但发病率和住院率增加(比值比[OR],2.2;95%CI,1.8-2.7)。与足月新生儿相比,胎儿窘迫(OR,10.6;95%CI,5.1-22.2)表型的新生儿在精细运动发育领域得分低于INTER-NDA标准值10个百分位数的风险最高。

按早产表型分类的新生儿严重发病率指数

根据早产表型在2岁时进行INTERGROWTH-21st发育评估时得分低于10个百分位数的风险

这项研究的结果表明,母亲危险因素、小于胎龄的新生儿发病率、新生儿和儿童生长发育、严重发病率以及早产表型的神经发育方面存在着不同的模式,这些差异模式可能与特定的病理因素有关,这些因素对胎儿的生长有影响,正如先前报道的早期新生儿结局。

例如,具有宫内生长受限表型的新生儿在新生儿期发病率较低,但儿童期生长受限和神经发育迟缓较多。无主要疾病表型且胎龄不小的新生儿,其新生儿发病率较低,但在2岁时发病率增加。具有感染表型的人出生时胎龄较低,小于胎龄的风险较低,但发病率和出生后生长受限的风险较高。

总之,在这项研究中,早产综合征由明确定义的表型组成,这些表型具有不同的新生儿发病率、儿童早期发病率、生长和2岁以下的神经发育。因此,将早产视为完全基于时间的实体的概念可能不再合适。对早产儿进行表型分类有助于更好地了解与早产相关的病因和机制。尽管研究结果表明,大约35%的表型与不同的临床条件无关,但早产表型的新生儿仍然有较高的生长发育风险。

参考文献:Villar J, Restrepo-Méndez MC, McGready R, et al. Association Between Preterm-Birth Phenotypes and Differential Morbidity, Growth, and Neurodevelopment at Age 2 YearsResults From the INTERBIO-21st Newborn StudyJAMA Pediatr. Published online March 01, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.6087

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    2021-10-19 feather89
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    2021-03-06 neurowu
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    2021-03-06 tastas
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728856, encodeId=57111e28856e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Tue Oct 19 15:06:34 CST 2021, time=2021-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1639720, encodeId=0d2a1639e20ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=afda591646' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#DIA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5916, encryptionId=afda591646, topicName=DIA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=987022654425, createdName=ms9608593228839890, createdTime=Fri Jan 14 15:06:34 CST 2022, time=2022-01-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1345635, encodeId=02351345635a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=37c9e4238b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74238, encryptionId=37c9e4238b9, topicName=神经发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7532500500, createdName=12499e01m47暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Mar 06 10:06:34 CST 2021, time=2021-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347530, encodeId=1a7a134e5300f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Sat Mar 06 10:06:34 CST 2021, time=2021-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1535296, encodeId=0111153529647, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=099f9020145' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#表型#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90201, encryptionId=099f9020145, topicName=表型)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9b6412593156, createdName=tastas, createdTime=Sat Mar 06 10:06:34 CST 2021, time=2021-03-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036492, encodeId=89cd1036492eb, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Thu Mar 04 22:06:34 CST 2021, time=2021-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-04 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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