强直性脊柱炎/脊柱关节炎患者实践指南

2022-09-13 风湿免疫科郑医生 网络

AS/SpA属慢性炎症性全身性疾病,主要累及中轴关节,好发于青壮年。

强直性脊柱炎(AS)是脊柱关节炎(SpA)的临床表型之一,属慢性炎症性全身性疾病,主要累及中轴关节。好发于青壮年,患病率约 0.1%~1.6%。其主要表现为腰背痛和晨僵,中晚期可伴有脊柱强直、畸形及严重活动受限。部分患者可在髋关节、肩关节等部位出现外周关节炎,还可累及其他器官如眼、皮肤、肠道、心脏、肺等。约 25%~30% 的 AS/SpA 患者可出现眼部病变,以葡萄膜炎最常见。劳累、消瘦和低热亦是 AS/SpA患者常见的全身表现。

近年来 ,AS/SpA 临床专家共识或指南不断更新,但如何更好地理解与执行,患者自我参与管理是提高诊疗水平的关键环节之一。

自 2011 年 4 月我国成立 SpA/AS 病友会,并加盟强直性脊柱炎国际联盟(ASIF)至今已 9 年。在我国广州市召开的 ASIF 会议中,亚洲、美洲、欧洲等 19 个国家和地区的病友们参与 AS/SpA 患者关注问题的问卷调查,筛选病友最关心的问题,同期成立了多学科医生和患者共同参与的 AS/SpA 患者实践指南工作组,从最受关注的问题出发,采用《世界卫生组织指南制订手册》相关原则,按照国际规范流程,提出 AS/SpA患者实践指南意见15条。

01HLA‑B27 阳性不能确诊 AS/SpA;

02HLA‑B27 阳性的 AS/SpA 患者,需高度关注子代遗传AS/SpA;

03AS/SpA 患者需定期检测 CRP;

04AS/SpA 患者需定期复查 MRI;

05AS/SpA 患者应戒烟;

06AS/SpA 患者应坚持运动锻炼;

07AS/SpA 患者若无使用 NSAIDs 禁忌证,治疗时首选 NSAIDs;

08AS/SpA 患者服用 NSAIDs 应定期监测心血管风险指标;

09AS/SpA 患者服用 NSAIDs 应注意消化道风险;

10AS/SpA 患者标准治疗疗效不佳可接受 TNFα 抑制剂治疗;AS/SpA 患者经 TNFα 抑制剂治疗后缓解半年,可考虑减量维持治疗;

11AS/SpA 患者用药前应筛查 HBV;

12AS/SpA 伴乙型肝炎慢性感染者接受 TNFα 抑制剂治疗应定期复查HBV激活情况;

13TNFα 抑制剂对 AS/SpA 患者生育、妊娠无不良影响;

14AS/SpA 患者接受 TNFα 抑制剂治疗应筛查结核感染情况;

15AS/SpA 患者建议参加病友会组织。

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    2022-07-11 zywlvao
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