李峻岭教授:从临床实践到研究进展,全面基因组测序为晚期肺癌患者争取更多治疗机会

2020-05-21 李峻岭 肿瘤资讯

晚期肺癌是最早迈入精准治疗领域的瘤种,人们对于精准治疗理解不断加深的过程中充分认识到,精准诊断是精准治疗的基石。近年来,基因检测的发展为精准诊断与治疗奠定了坚实的基础,然而如何将基因检测手段用好是实践

晚期肺癌是最早迈入精准治疗领域的瘤种,人们对于精准治疗理解不断加深的过程中充分认识到,精准诊断是精准治疗的基石。近年来,基因检测的发展为精准诊断与治疗奠定了坚实的基础,然而如何将基因检测手段用好是实践中的关键。

全面基因组测序指导初诊晚期非小细胞肺癌治疗策略

目前,肺癌已经进入了个体治疗阶段,即精准治疗阶段,其主要体现在通过驱动基因的改变指导临床药物的应用。既往我们只知道肺癌有EGFR驱动改变,但现在发现肺癌实际上是多种驱动基因改变的组合体,如EGFR、ALK、ROS1、BRAF、Met14外显子跳突、HER2改变等,且可作为治疗目标的基因靶点亦越来越多。既往驱动基因改变的检测通常是一代测序方法,并由针对EGFR的单基因检测逐渐发展至热点基因检测,然而,这些检测会遗漏相当一部分本具有驱动突变的肺癌患者。因此,目前较为理想的检测方法是全面基因组测序,其能捕捉外显子区域的绝大部分改变,如突变、缺失、融合、扩增等均可检测到。从发展眼光看,肺癌的检测应该是越全面越好,而全面基因组测序能够保证第一时间提供更多有价值的治疗信息,从而为患者带来更多治疗选择与获益。

FoundationOne?CDx为患者发掘更多治疗机会

临床上常常会遇到患者已在当地医院进行了肺癌基因检测,未发现EGFR基因改变的情况,这时患者到中国医学科学院肿瘤医院就诊,无疑是希望能够得到相对更好的治疗。个人认为,更好治疗的前提是必需有正确的诊断,其中鉴别出真正有无驱动基因改变很关键。在临床工作中曾遇到过这样的患者,其在外院基因检测提示为EGFR野生型、ALK阴性,到我们医院后重新进行Ventana检测,发现ALK弱阳性,进一步行FoundationOne?CDx全面基因组测序证实,该肿瘤是19内含子融合,而FISH检测很难测发现这种融合,所以全面基因组测序最终证实患者为ALK融合肺癌,并针对其进行靶向治疗,最终患者得到很好的缓解。国外亦有较多这类报告,例如较为著名的以色列研究中,101例患者中86例经常规检测手段未发现驱动基因改变,但通过FoundationOne?CDx全面基因组测序,50%患者发现了NCCN指南推荐靶向治疗的基因变异,34%患者发现了跨瘤种治疗突变靶点,42.6%患者的治疗策略因此发生改变;美国纪念斯隆-凯特琳癌症中心报告了31例肺腺癌患者,传统单基因检测11个驱动基因均为阴性结果,经过FoundationOne?CDx全面基因组测序后,20例(65%)检测出具有临床意义的基因突变;韩国数据显示,51例肺腺癌患者,传统单基因检测EGFR/ALK/KRAS均为阴性,经FoundationOne?CDx二次检测,16例(31%)检测出指南推荐可治疗靶点,14例(27%)检测出临床研究中的靶点。鉴于此,目前国际上较为重要的指南,如NCCN指南和欧洲指南均推荐采用大Panel的全面基因组测序以发现驱动基因改变,尤其是发现其中的少见突变,以尽量减少驱动突变被遗漏,从而更好的指导临床实践。目前国内指南推荐的仍是小Panel检测,相信这种现状会逐渐改变,走向大Panel检测是必然趋势。

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    2020-05-21 Ahui

    为晚期肺癌患者争取更多治疗机会💪

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