CELL:脆性X综合征的细胞代谢异常原因被揭示 

2020-08-16 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在人类脆性X综合征(FXS)成纤维细胞和Fmr1-/y小鼠神经元中,通过轻度耗竭其c亚基或药物抑制来关闭ATP合成酶泄漏通道,可以使刺激诱导和构成性mRNA翻译率正常化,并触发突触成熟。

脆性X综合征(FXS)是一种破坏性的X连锁遗传病,也是智力残疾最常见的遗传原因。它是由Fmr1基因内的CGG重复扩增导致脆性X智力低下蛋白(FMRP)的表达丧失所致。FX表型的特点是mRNA翻译率的构成性增加,突触和树突棘的形态不成熟,突触可塑性异常,神经兴奋毒性,和神经兴奋性增强。

已有的研究显示,Fmr1及其同源物Fxr2的耗竭会减少突变小鼠的脂肪沉积,并导致更高的食物摄入量、增加小鼠的氧消耗和二氧化碳的产生,这表明突变小鼠的氧化磷酸化未耦合。

在人类自闭症谱系障碍患者中,研究人员也观察到了乳酸水平的升高,表明线粒体功能障碍驱动的糖酵解的增加。

线粒体是正常突触形成的必要条件,因此线粒体本身也会发生发育可塑性,线粒体的结构和功能在发育过程中会发生较大变化。最近,研究人员在CELL杂志发文,描述了Fmr1-/y小鼠的神经元有线粒体内膜渗漏,并导致了 "渗漏代谢"。

在人类脆性X综合征(FXS)成纤维细胞和Fmr1-/y小鼠神经元中,通过轻度耗竭其c亚基或药物抑制来关闭ATP合成酶泄漏通道,可以使刺激诱导和构成性mRNA翻译率正常化,降低乳酸以及关键的糖酵解和三羧酸(TCA)循环酶水平,并触发突触成熟。

FMRP通过刺激依赖性的ATP合成酶β亚基翻译来调节野生型(WT)突触中的ATP合成酶泄漏通道闭合,但是在FXS的突触中没有相应的机制。刺激依赖性的ATP合成酶β亚基翻译增加了ATP合成酶与其c亚基的比例,从而提高了ATP的生产效率和突触生长。

相反,在FXS中,由于无法关闭发育c亚基的泄漏,阻止了刺激依赖性突触的成熟。

因此,本研究发现FXS神经元和细胞的线粒体内膜泄漏是由ATP合成酶c亚基水平异常引起的。c亚基泄漏导致线粒体泄漏代谢表型的持续存在,其特征是高糖酵解通量、高乳酸水平以及糖酵解和TCA酶水平的增加。漏泄还异常地升高了整体和特异性蛋白质的合成。关闭ATP合成酶c亚基漏可以促进发育,减轻自闭症行为。

 

原始出处:

Pawel Licznerski et al. ATP Synthase c-Subunit Leak Causes Aberrant Cellular Metabolism in Fragile X Syndrome, CELL (2020). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.008

 

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    2020-12-24 爆笑小医
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    2020-09-27 14754e21m61暂无昵称

    真好

    0

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    2020-08-18 zhouqu_8
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