Cell:CAR-T疗法神经毒性危害大?全新Cell揭秘关键突破口!

2020-09-24 医药魔方 医药魔方

CD19靶向免疫疗法在临床上可有效治疗白血病、淋巴瘤和多发性骨髓瘤等B细胞恶性肿瘤,但与靶向其它B细胞蛋白(如CD20)的疗法相比,接受靶向CD19的CAR-T细胞或双特异性T细胞衔接(BiTE)抗体

CD19靶向免疫疗法在临床上可有效治疗白血病、淋巴瘤和多发性骨髓瘤等B细胞恶性肿瘤,但与靶向其它B细胞蛋白(如CD20)的疗法相比,接受靶向CD19的CAR-T细胞或双特异性T细胞衔接(BiTE)抗体治疗的患者神经毒性的发生率较高,这可能会导致患者的脑水肿和死亡。有研究者认为,CD19在大脑非B细胞中意外表达是一种可能的机制。

在9月21日发表于Cell的一项新研究中,来自美国斯坦福大学医学院和宾夕法尼亚大学Perelman医学院等机构的研究人员在保护血脑屏障的脑细胞中发现了CD19的表达,这可能是接受CD19靶向免疫疗法的患者产生神经毒性的原因。

这一发现源于一个偶然。论文第一作者Kevin Parker博士在分析以前发表的单细胞测序数据集时,在一个「异样」的胎儿大脑样本数据集中发现了CD19的表达,然而目前已检测到的CD19仅在B细胞中表达。于是,研究团队开始着手探究这一发现背后的机制。

首先,研究人员分析了来自2364个人类前额皮质细胞的单细胞RNA测序数据,并鉴定出了CD19在壁细胞(对于调节血脑屏障的完整性至关重要)中的表达。

进一步的研究观察到人脑壁细胞中具有跨多个数据集、大脑区域和发育时间点的CD19表达。重要的是,脑中表达的CD19异构体含有临床上CAR-T细胞和BiTE抗体可靶向的抗原表位。

成年人的大脑中表达CAR-T可识别的CD19异构体(来源:Cell)

接下来,研究人员分析了小鼠壁细胞中的CD19表达是否保守。结果显示,与人脑相比,小鼠脑中表达CD19的壁细胞相对较少。鉴于小鼠中存在非B细胞表达的CD19,研究人员利用免疫缺陷、无肿瘤的NSG小鼠(NSG小鼠不发育B细胞)检测CD19 CAR-T细胞否会导致可观察到的神经毒性。

输注CAR-T细胞7天后的结果显示,接受靶向鼠CD19而非人类CD19的CAR-T细胞的小鼠血脑屏障的通透性发生了提高(小鼠不表达人类CD19)。这表明临床前动物模型中已存在神经毒性,实际上最初在小鼠模型中进行的CAR-T细胞研究并未预测之后在人类临床试验中神经毒性的程度。

将CD19 CAR-T细胞注入小鼠(来源:Cell)

总的来说,这些发现为有助于进一步在人类临床试验中进行壁细胞靶向的相关研究,并为开发具有改良安全性的下一代疗法提供了可能的策略。

主要研究人员Avery Posey博士说:「下一个问题是,除了CD19以外,我们能否确定一个更好的靶点来清除与B细胞相关的恶性肿瘤,或者是否可以围绕CD19的这种脑细胞表达机制进行工程改造,构建一种能根据细胞类型发挥功能的CAR-T细胞。」

原始出处:

Kevin R. Parker et al. Single-Cell Analyses Identify Brain Mural Cells Expressing CD19 as Potential Off-Tumor Targets for CAR-T Immunotherapies. Cell (2020).

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    2020-11-07 爆笑小医
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    2020-12-12 仁者大医
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    2020-09-25 ms9000001913660756

    写的很好

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1962290, encodeId=a6b3196229027, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Sat Nov 07 18:28:25 CST 2020, time=2020-11-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1781386, encodeId=46411e8138655, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8ce8405907' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CAR-#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4059, encryptionId=8ce8405907, topicName=CAR-)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 22:28:25 CST 2020, time=2020-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871989, encodeId=97b418e198991, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sat Sep 04 04:28:25 CST 2021, time=2021-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1484114, encodeId=1dd9148411452, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=81c2e4343a9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经毒性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74343, encryptionId=81c2e4343a9, topicName=神经毒性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=42127951174, createdName=12498cf9m37(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Sep 26 13:28:25 CST 2020, time=2020-09-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=888182, encodeId=74b48881826d, content=写的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9a335418832, createdName=ms9000001913660756, createdTime=Fri Sep 25 09:47:29 CST 2020, time=2020-09-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=888158, encodeId=fe27888158b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3dcae7970d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞疗法#</a>有待研究其毒性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77970, encryptionId=3dcae7970d0, topicName=细胞疗法)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200529/3611e9bb629c4e5b81fbd8ce784b06cc/128487eae357460bb98f67d86230c218.jpg, createdBy=ab235268530, createdName=神盾医疗局局长Jack, createdTime=Fri Sep 25 08:14:23 CST 2020, time=2020-09-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-25 神盾医疗局局长Jack

    #细胞疗法#有待研究其毒性

    0

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