骨关节炎(Osteoarthritis, OA)

2022-08-17 放射沙龙 放射沙龙

骨关节炎定义,OA分类诊断及治疗。

一、骨关节炎定义:

骨关节炎诊治指南(2007 年版)定义:OA指由多种因素引起关节软骨纤维化、皲裂、溃疡、脱失而导致的关节疾病。病因尚不明确,其发生与年龄、肥胖、炎症、创伤及遗传因素等有关。OA以中老年患者多见,女性多于男性。60 岁以上的人群中患病率可达 50%,75 岁的人群则达 80%。该病的致残率可高达 53%。OA好发于负重大、活动多的关节,如膝、脊柱(颈椎和腰椎)、髋、踝、手等关节。

二、OA分类: 

OA可分为原发性和继发性两类。原发性OA可见于中老年,无明确的全身或局部诱因,与遗传和体质因素有一定的关系。继发性OA可见于青壮年,可继发于创伤、炎症、关节不稳定、慢性反复的积累性劳损或先天性疾病等。

三、OA临床表现:

1.关节疼痛及压痛:初期为轻度或中度间断性隐痛,休息时好转,活动后加重,疼痛常与天气变化有关。晚期可出现持续性疼痛或夜问痛。关节局部有压痛,在伴有关节肿胀时尤为明显。

2.关节僵硬:在早晨起床时关节僵硬及发紧感,也称为晨僵,活动后可缓解。关节僵硬在气压降低或空气湿度增加时加重,持续时间一般较短,常为几分钟至十几分钟,很少超过30 min。

3.关节肿大:手部关节肿大变形明显,可出现Heberdell结节和Bouchard结节。部分膝关节因骨赘形成或关节积液也会造成关节肿大。

4.骨摩擦音(感):由于关节软骨破坏、关节面不平,关节活动时出现骨摩擦音(感),多见于膝关节。

5.关节无力、活动障碍:关节疼痛、活动度下降、肌肉萎缩、软组织挛缩可引起关节无力,行走时腿软或关节绞锁,不能完全伸直或活动障碍。

四、影像学检查:

1.X -ray检查:非对称性关节间隙变窄,软骨下骨硬化和(或)囊性变,关节边缘增生和骨赘形成或伴有不同程度的关节积液,部分关节内可见游离体或关节变形。

2.MRI检查:对于病人有症状X-ray无明显改变的,可行MRI检查。

膝关节X-ray

膝关节MRI

五、OA诊断:

1.膝关节OA诊断:

2.髋关节OA诊断:

六、OA治疗:

OA 的治疗目的是减轻或消除疼痛,矫正畸形,改善或恢复关节功能,改善生活质量。OA 的总体治疗原则是非药物与药物治疗相结合,必要时手术治疗,治疗应个体化。结合病人自身情况,如年龄、性别、体重、自身危险因素、病变部位及程度等选择合适的治疗方案。

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    2022-08-21 ms5000001410456216

    学习了

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    2022-06-02 lisa438
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    2021-11-10 lmm397
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    2021-11-10 zhaojie88

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