Inter J Epid:新发现:伦敦大学学院:超重或肥胖会增加患痴呆症的风险,女性肥胖者尤为突出

2020-06-26 转化医学网 转化医学网

痴呆症是一种严重的公共卫生负担,已成为英国人口死亡的主要原因之一。预计在未来30年中,痴呆症的人数将增加两倍。最近伦敦大学学院的一项研究表明,超重或肥胖会增加患痴呆症的风险,女性肥胖者尤为明显。

伦敦大学学院的一项新研究发现,肥胖与15年后患痴呆症的风险更高有关,体重管理在降低痴呆症风险方面发挥着重要作用。

根据6月23日发表在《国际流行病学杂志》(International Journal of Epidemiology)上的一项研究结果表明,与体重指数(BMI)在正常范围内的人相比,成年后期肥胖的人患痴呆症的风险增加了31%。女性患病的风险可能比男性高出很多。

伦敦大学学院流行病学与卫生保健研究所(UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care)的教授、该论文的资深作者多里纳·卡达尔(Dorina Cadar)表示:“这些发现提供了新的证据,证明肥胖可能在患痴呆风险方面具有重要的影响。BMI和腰围状况都应该检测,以避免代谢失调。因此,建议通过采取健康均衡的饮食模式,如地中海饮食、适当的体育锻炼,以及在整个成人生命周期中减少饮酒,将体重降至最佳水平。”

目前的临床指南表明,肥胖是与个人生活方式行为有关的一个重要的可改变的危险因素。但由于不同的研究结果相互矛盾,这种联系依然有些不清楚。一些人认为肥胖甚至可以被认为是老年人的保护性健康因素。

在最新的研究中,研究团队从英国老龄化纵向研究(English Longitudinal study of Ageing)中收集了6582名年龄在50岁及以上的英国全国代表性样本的数据。使用三种不同的来源来确定痴呆症:医生诊断,线人报告和医院事件统计。

按体重组别绘制的痴呆风险生存图

研究人员发现,在研究初期BMI指数为30或更高(处于肥胖水平)的人,在平均11年的随访中,患痴呆症的风险比BMI指数在18.5-24.9(正常水平)的人高出31%。

在与肥胖相关的痴呆风险方面,也存在显着的性别差异。腹部肥胖(以腰围为基准)的女性患痴呆症的风险比正常水平的女性高出39%。这与他们的年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、吸烟行为、基因(载脂蛋白-4)、糖尿病和高血压无关——但在男性参与者中没有发现这种关联。

当把BMI和腰围被综合考虑时,肥胖研究的男性和女性参与者都显示患痴呆症的风险比正常范围的人高28%。

以腰围水平表示女性(左面板)和男性(右面板)痴呆风险的生存曲线图。

先前的证据表明,肥胖可能通过直接影响来自脂肪细胞的细胞因子(细胞信号蛋白)和激素,或间接影响血管危险因素,导致痴呆风险增加。一些研究人员还提出,身体脂肪过多可能会通过代谢和血管途径增加痴呆症的风险,而这些途径会导致淀粉样蛋白的积累或大脑损伤。

该研究的第一作者、伦敦大学学院流行病学与卫生保健研究所的理学硕士学生马玉贤(Yuxian Ma)表示:“肥胖和痴呆之间的联系有可能是由其他疾病介导的,比如高血压或抗胆碱能治疗。肥胖和其他中年危险因素,如高血压、糖尿病和载脂蛋白-4携带者之间是否存在交互作用,这一研究问题虽然没有在本研究中进行探索,但将在今后的工作中进行研究。”

伦敦大学学院流行病学与卫生保健研究所的教授、英国老龄化纵向研究主任、该研究的合着者安德鲁·斯特普托(Andrew Steptoe)表示:“痴呆症是21世纪对健康的主要挑战之一,可能会威胁到人口成功老龄化。我们的研究结果表明,肥胖率上升将使这一问题更加复杂。通过识别可能增加痴呆风险的因素,这些因素受到生活方式因素的影响,我们希望通过公共卫生干预,可以预防大部分(不可否认并非全部)痴呆症病例。”

原始出处:

Yixuan Ma, Olesya Ajnakina, Andrew Steptoe, et al. Higher risk of dementia in English older individuals who are overweight or obese. International Journal of Epidemiology, dyaa099, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaa099.

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    2021-02-22 Boyinsh
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    2020-08-17 chg121
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    2020-06-27 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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Obstet Gynecol:孕产妇肥胖与妊娠早期和晚期高血压疾病风险

与非肥胖孕妇相比,随着肥胖等级增加,肥胖孕妇妊娠早发和晚发性高血压疾病的风险也逐渐增加。