Cell:没有精子卵子也能形成胚胎

2019-10-22 佚名 中国科学报

一项日前发表于《细胞》的研究显示,没有精子或卵子的人工胚胎被植入雌性小鼠体内后第一次开始形成活胎,虽然胚胎还有一些畸形。

一项日前发表于《细胞》的研究显示,没有精子或卵子的人工胚胎被植入雌性小鼠体内后第一次开始形成活胎,虽然胚胎还有一些畸形。

这种人造小鼠胚胎由一种被称为扩展多能干细胞的特殊干细胞从零开始形成。它们有能力产生在早期胚胎中发现的所有 3 种细胞类型。

美国得克萨斯大学西南医学中心的 Jun Wu 和同事将干细胞浸泡在营养物质和生长促进剂中,从而诱导其转变成 3 种胚胎细胞类型,并自组装成胚胎样结构。

随后,研究人员将人工胚胎移植到雌性小鼠子宫内,其中 7% 的胚胎被成功移植。1 周后,科学家通过剖腹产手术取出植入的胚胎。显微镜检查显示,它们已经开始形成早期的胎儿结构,尽管有严重的畸形。

该实验是人工胚胎首次在子宫内发育成胎儿组织。其他研究小组已经利用干细胞制造出人造老鼠胚胎,但这些胚胎并未被成功植入子宫,或者只能在植入后形成胎盘细胞,其他类型的细胞则不行。

现在的挑战是对人工小鼠胚胎进行微调,使其能发育成完全成形的胎儿。Wu 介绍说,这可能包括在营养物质和生长促进剂的混合物中培养它们,使其更接近胚胎通常暴露于体内的环境。

不过,Wu 同时表示,这样做的原因并不是为了繁衍后代。测试人工胚胎在子宫内生长的能力,可以让人类看到它们有多真实。一旦被认为足够真实,研究人员将能够利用它们代替通常从小鼠身上获取的真实胚胎。“我们的目标是有一个可扩展的系统来生产数百甚至数千个类似胚胎的结构。”Wu 说。

同时,胚胎模型可以在培养皿中进行研究,以更好地了解早期哺乳动物的发育、优化体外受精条件,并筛选可能导致出生缺陷的药物。

原始出处:

Ronghui Li, et al. Generation of Blastocyst-like Structures from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Cell Cultures. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.029.

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    2020-05-05 维他命
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    2019-10-24 zlawrance

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