Curr Biol :高温导致男性不育的原因终于弄清楚了,短暂受热就会诱发精子大量DNA损伤

2020-10-29 Bio生物世界 Bio生物世界

众所周知,人类的正常体温大约是37℃,而产生精子的最佳温度则低于人体正常体温,在32℃-35℃之间,研究表明,暴露在这一温度范围以上仅仅1℃,就会对男性的生育能力产生不利影响。

众所周知,人类的正常体温大约是37℃,而产生精子的最佳温度则低于人体正常体温,在32℃-35℃之间,研究表明,暴露在这一温度范围以上仅仅1℃,就会对男性的生育能力产生不利影响。

热激诱导男性不育的现象已经得到了广泛研究和认可,例如,热水泡浴、穿着过于紧身的裤子,以及长时间驾驶,都会导致局部过热,从而影响男性生育功能。然而,其背后的具体机制尚不完全清楚。

美国俄勒冈大学的研究人员在 Cell 子刊 Current Biology 杂志发表了题为:Elevated Temperatures Cause Transposon-Associated DNA Damage in C. elegans Spermatocytes 的研究论文。

这项研究表明,精子对高温的耐受性较差,短时间的热激处理,就会导致原本被抑制的转座子重新活跃,从而导致过度的DNA损伤和基因组改变,最终损害生育能力。

精子发育过程中对温度升高非常敏感,而卵子的发育则不受影响,精子是人体内最小的细胞,产生精子的睾丸位于人体外部,在低于人体体温下产生,并贯穿整个成年人的寿命。而卵子则是人体内最大的细胞,是在人体内部形成,因此能维持恒定温度,并且仅在有限的时间内产生。

转座子(Transposons),也叫跳跃基因,它们是一段可以从原位上单独复制或断裂下来,环化后插入另一位点,并对其后的基因起调控作用的DNA序列。

人类染色体上的转座子一般处于沉睡状态,一旦被唤醒,既能够改变遗传物质,也会留下DNA损伤。

这些“转座子”的在发育中的精子和卵子中同样受到抑制,但是,这项研究发现,发育中的精子受到热激,其中的“转座子”则会被“唤醒”,开始活跃起来。

在人类和模式动物秀丽隐杆线虫中,小幅的温度升高足以降低雄性的生育能力。因此,研究团队使用了秀丽隐杆线虫作为模式动物进行研究。

研究团队将线虫短暂暴露于升高2℃的环境中进行2小时的短暂热激处理,通过显微观察在正常和热激条件下发育的精子和卵子。

结果表明,仅仅短时间增加了2℃,秀丽隐杆线虫精原细胞在减数分裂前期和I期中的双链DNA断裂(DSB)最多增加了25倍,而且,这些精子的受精卵未能产生后代。

研究团队还发现,这些双链DNA断裂(DSB)与细胞内的核酸内切酶无关。

进一步地,研究团队使用高通量基因组测序,确定了在正常条件下和热激条件下,“跳跃基因”在整个基因组中所处的位置。结果发现,在热激处理后,精子中一些新的位置出现了“跳跃基因”。在精母细胞减数分裂形成精子的过程中,热激诱导的双链DNA断裂(DSB)的产生与 Tc1 转座子有关。

研究还发现,卵子形成过程中,热激处理不会导致双链DNA断裂(DSB)或Tc1转座子的跳跃增加。

综上所述,这项研究表明,精子对高温的耐受性较差,短时间的热激处理,就会导致原本被抑制的转座子重新活跃,从而导致过度的DNA损伤和基因组改变,最终损害生育能力。

在大多数生物中,雄性在一生中都能产生大量的精子,而雌性产生卵子的时间和数量则很有限。这种差异可能使得精子在较高的错误发生率时仍保持足够的精子数量以满足生育。

目前,全球变暖情况加剧,世界各地屡屡出现破纪录的高温天气,这将导致许多动物面临不育甚至物种灭绝的风险,也将最终影响人类。了解温度对精子产生的影响及其背后的机制,有助于了解生物体的繁殖能力和种群变化,以及它们为何随气候变化而变化。

这是一篇标志性的论文,该研究显示出环境效应可以改变特定DNA序列以及可能控制其活性的蛋白质,这项工作清楚地说明在分子水平上说明了在生成精子过程中受热到底会发生哪些改变。

更重要的是,这项研究为科学家在哺乳动物和人类中研究是否相同的机制导致了热激诱导男性不育指明了方向。

最后,如果你在担心热水泡浴,或者纠结穿三角裤还是四角裤,这项研究或许能为你提供答案。

原始出处:

Nicole A Kurhanewicz, Devin Dinwiddie, Zachary D Bush, et al.Elevated Temperatures Cause Transposon-Associated DNA Damage in C. elegans Spermatocytes.Curr Biol. 2020 Oct 10;S0960-9822(20)31420-2. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.050.

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    2020-10-31 lqrandywkz
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    2020-10-29 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

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