Communications Biology:维也纳医科大学:科学家确定一种新肠癌治疗方法

2020-06-23 Cathy 转化医学网

导言:如今,随着经济社会的发展,我们的生活习惯、饮食习惯都发生了巨大的变化。这就导致肠癌成为了当下最常见的癌症类型之一,目前其在全球的发病率与致死率都高居前列,近日,来自奥地利的研究人员新发现了一个与

导言:如今,随着经济社会的发展,我们的生活习惯、饮食习惯都发生了巨大的变化。这就导致肠癌成为了当下最常见的癌症类型之一,目前其在全球的发病率与致死率都高居前列,近日,来自奥地利的研究人员新发现了一个与肠癌发生有关的机制,确定了一种新的肠癌治疗方法。

医疗科技在发展,而我们的敌人——癌细胞也在不断进化。已有研究发现,癌细胞已经进化出不被人体免疫系统发现的机制,从而躲避免疫系统的攻击。因此,提高癌细胞对免疫攻击的敏感度是确保免疫治疗技术成功的重要策略。然而,目前人们对这种潜在机制知之甚少。但近日,奥地利的一个研究小组新发现了一个与肠癌细胞躲避免疫系统有关的机制,并确定了肠道肿瘤免疫治疗的一种新靶细胞。


罗伯特·埃弗尔

这项研究由奥地利维也纳医科大学(MedUni-Vienna)癌症研究所的罗伯特·埃弗尔(Robert Eferl)领导并发表在《通讯生物学》上。题目为“IDO1+ Paneth cells promote immune escape of colorectal cancer”。

研究人员在ApcMin小鼠的肠上皮细胞中敲除了转录因子Stat1。这些小鼠由于Apc基因突变而患上肠肿瘤。结果发现,敲除了Stat1的小鼠肿瘤更小、更不具侵袭性,而且这些肿瘤被免疫细胞浸润,使免疫细胞能在肿瘤防御中发挥更大的作用,其中就包括了细胞毒性T淋巴细胞。

这一现象引起了研究小组的兴趣,他们随后利用RNA测序技术对这些肿瘤进行了更详细的研究。然后他们发现在Stat1缺陷肿瘤中,Ido1表达减弱。Ido1能够编码一种酶,而这种酶会产生代谢物酪氨酸。由于酪氨酸抑制了人体对肿瘤的免疫反应,从而使得肿瘤得以生长。也就是说,敲除转录因子Stat1,可以增强人体免疫系统对肿瘤的抵抗。

进一步的研究表明,具有完整Stat1基因的ApcMin肿瘤含有表达Ido1的特殊细胞。在人类肠息肉中也发现了类似的细胞。而这些细胞不存在于Stat1缺陷的ApcMin肿瘤中。这也进一步验证了,敲除转录因子Stat1的细胞,对人体免疫系统抵抗肿瘤有益。

研究人员对这类细胞进行了表征判断,发现这些特殊的细胞是潘氏细胞(Paneth cell)。潘氏细胞是一种只存在于胃肠道中的特殊细胞,位于负责肠粘膜再生的干细胞区,支持肠干细胞的分裂。

此外,研究人员还发现,细菌微生物刺激了Ido1在潘氏细胞中的表达。对此,埃弗尔解释说:“根据我们的假设,细菌微生物群在潘氏细胞中诱导Ido1免疫检查点,从而预防局部肠道炎症。然而,这也会引起肠道出现免疫抑制区,致使肠肿瘤得以在其中发展。”

埃弗尔表示,他们的研究揭示了一个与肠癌发生有关的新机制,

原始出处:

Sandra Pflügler, Jasmin Svinka, Irene Scharf, et.al. IDO1+ Paneth cells promote immune escape of colorectal cancer. Communications Biology volume 3, Article number: 252 (2020)

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    2021-04-20 liuli5079
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    2021-04-26 sunylz
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