Nature:山东大学陈丽团队等揭示糖尿病“黎明现象”分子机制

2021-03-28 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

正常生理状态下,肝脏生糖在觉醒前后达到高峰,以防止睡眠中出现低血糖,并为觉醒后的神经认知和运动活动提供能量;与此同时,肝脏对胰岛素抑制糖异生的敏感性也在觉醒时达到高峰,以应对预期即将到来的进食行为,促

正常生理状态下,肝脏生糖在觉醒前后达到高峰,以防止睡眠中出现低血糖,并为觉醒后的神经认知和运动活动提供能量;与此同时,肝脏对胰岛素抑制糖异生的敏感性也在觉醒时达到高峰,以应对预期即将到来的进食行为,促进吸收膳食营养,补充在睡眠期间减少的能量储备。

这两种机制相互制约,伴随着胰岛素水平的波动,维持着血糖在一天当中的稳定。胰岛素敏感性的昼夜节律如何调控?这个生理学问题尚未有明确答案。

2021年3月24日,美国贝勒医学院孙正教授和山东大学齐鲁医院陈丽教授作为共同通讯作者,在 Nature 发表了题为:REV-ERB in GABAergic neurons controls diurnal hepatic insulin sensitivity 的研究论文。

该研究报道了下丘脑视交叉上核(SCN)区GABA神经元的REV-ERB基因控制胰岛素抑制肝脏糖异生的昼夜节律。该研究对于我们深入了解中枢神经系统对外周糖代谢的时空调控具有重要的意义。

REV-ERB-α和REV-ERB-β是核受体家族成员,也是分子生物钟中的药物靶点,其表达富集于下丘脑SCN区GABA神经元(SCNGABA)。REV-ERB表达呈现显着的昼夜节律并在觉醒前达到高峰。葡萄糖钳夹分析显示,野生型(WT)小鼠在全身胰岛素敏感性、胰岛素抑制肝糖生成的敏感性、以及肝脏生糖的本底水平这三个方面,都有显着的昼夜节律,均在觉醒时达到高峰;而SCNGABA特异性敲除REV-ERB-α和REV-ERB-β的KO小鼠只在觉醒时表现出最显着的糖耐量受损。该现象不受进食和运动行为的影响。

进一步研究发现,KO小鼠的SCNGABA神经元放电活动与糖耐量改变的时间节律一致,放电活动的增加主要与兴奋性突触后电流(mEPSC)的振幅增加有关。下丘脑中REV-ERB调控G蛋白信号转导调节因子Rgs16和Takusan家族基因表达。KO小鼠SCN中上述基因的节律性表达受损。在WT小鼠中,特异性激活SCNGABA神经元或者高表达上述基因,只在觉醒时引起糖耐量受损。而对于KO小鼠,特异性的抑制SCNGABA神经元,可改善觉醒时的糖耐量受损。

更有趣的是,研究者在KO小鼠SCNGABA神经元中诱导了外源REV-ERB的节律性表达。当外源REV-ERB的节律与WT小鼠正常内源REV-ERB同相位时,可改善KO小鼠觉醒时的糖代谢表型;而非同相位表达则不能改善糖代谢表型,从而证明了节律表达的重要性。

图片提供:Xiaodie Hu,Instagram ID: isabellamomomo

该研究的临床意义在于为“黎明现象”提供了一个分子解释。黎明现象是指糖尿病患者在夜间或白天大部分时间内血糖控制尚可且平稳,但在黎明时分尤其是早餐后呈现高血糖。黎明现象不同于降糖剂过量所致的夜间低血糖后反应性高血糖(苏木杰现象)。REV-ERB KO小鼠只在觉醒时表现出糖代谢异常,提示生物钟紊乱可能导致黎明现象。

研究者利用连续动态血糖监测,将2型糖尿病患者分为有黎明现象组和无黎明现象组,在不同时间点采集患者外周血,检测外周血淋巴细胞中多个生物钟相关基因的动态表达,并监测血清胰岛素、褪黑素、生长激素、皮质醇多个激素水平的动态变化。应用心肺耦合-多导睡眠记录系统,发现在睡眠状况无差异的情况下,有黎明现象的患者与无黎明现象的患者相比,其REV-ERB-α和REV-ERB-β的表达节律存在显着差异。因此,该研究揭示的胰岛素敏感性节律的神经调控和分子机制,不仅是对生理现象的阐释,也有助于对临床现象的理解和治疗。

据悉,复旦大学附属妇产科医院丁国莲博士、贝勒医学院李欣博士、山东大学齐鲁医院侯新国博士和贝勒医学院周文骏博士为本文的共同第一作者,其他参与研究者包括南京医科大学第一附属医院龚颖芸博士,贝勒医学院李文博博士,山东大学齐鲁医院刘福强博士和宋佳、王婧研究生,路易斯安那州立大学潘宁顿生物医学研究中心何彦林博士,贝勒医学院徐勇教授等。

原始出处:

Ding, G., Li, X., Hou, X. et al. REV-ERB in GABAergic neurons controls diurnal hepatic insulin sensitivity. Nature (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03358-w.

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    2022-03-10 liye789132251
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    2021-04-12 blair4587

    这么厉害

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    2021-04-12 blair4587

    恭喜恭喜又发大文章

    0

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    2021-03-28 学医无涯

    学习一下!

    0

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    2021-03-28 病毒猎手

    厉害!高血压,糖尿病都是一样,都有晨峰现象

    0

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    2021-03-28 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

    0

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    2021-03-28 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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