PNAS:细胞膜纳米囊泡,缓解新冠肺炎的新疗法

2020-10-22 Bio生物世界 Bio生物世界

由新冠病毒SARS-CoV-2引起的COVID-19新冠肺炎大流行,给人类的医疗、经济、生活带来了巨大的负面影响。如何快速应对正在发生的COVID-19新冠肺炎以及潜在的新发流行疾病?

由新冠病毒SARS-CoV-2引起的COVID-19新冠肺炎大流行,给人类的医疗、经济、生活带来了巨大的负面影响。如何快速应对正在发生的COVID-19新冠肺炎以及潜在的新发流行疾病,意义重大也极具挑战性。

前期研究表明,新冠病毒SARS-CoV-2依赖于人类血管紧张素转换酶II(ACE2)进入宿主细胞。为了应对病毒的进入与感染,宿主免疫系统会上调炎症细胞因子,以此来清除入侵的病毒,同时促进组织的修复。然而,机体持续维持过高的炎症细胞因子水平(被称为 “细胞因子风暴”),可能会导致系统性的免疫功能障碍。因此,除了疫苗研发之外,阻断病毒进入和抑制“细胞因子风暴”也是COVID-19研究方向的重点。

包括瑞德西韦在内的多种抗病毒药物正在积极地开展临床试验,早期干预新冠病毒SARS-CoV-2感染也显示了令人鼓舞的效果。然而,针对重症感染的候选药物非常少。一些临床前和临床研究报道,针对白介素-6(IL-6)和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)的单克隆抗体可能可以抑制新冠病毒SARS-CoV-2引起的“细胞因子风暴”。然而,由于细胞因子种类的多样性以及细胞因子之间相互作用的复杂性,系统地控制细胞因子风暴仍然极具挑战。

近日, 美国国立卫生研究院陈小元教授和复旦大学姜世勃、谢幼华、陆路教授团队联合在PNAS上发表了题为:Decoy nanoparticles protect against COVID-19 by concurrently adsorbing viruses and inflammatory cytokines 的研究论文。

这项研究首次使用基因工程化的细胞膜纳米囊泡,充当“诱饵”与宿主细胞竞争,能够同时吸附病毒与炎症细胞因子,从而有效保护宿主细胞免受COVID-19新冠肺炎感染。

为了构建纳米“诱饵”,研究团队首先在293T细胞上基因转染高表达ACE2受体, 然后从工程化的293T/ACE2与THP-1细胞中分离获得细胞膜纳米囊泡,最后将异种的纳米囊泡进行杂化处理得到纳米“诱饵”。

该纳米“诱饵”继承了源细胞表面丰富的ACE2和细胞因子受体,能够同时中和病毒和炎症细胞因子,从而有效干预COVID-19新冠肺炎感染。

在细胞层面,研究团队验证了纳米“诱饵”能够与宿主细胞竞争,有效地吸附并抑制多种假病毒对宿主细胞的感染。进一步,基于SARS-CoV-2新冠活毒,研究团队发现纳米“诱饵”可以显着减少病毒颗粒、降低病毒RNA水平、抑制病毒感染。

基于急性肺炎小动物模型,研究者进一步验证了纳米“诱饵”能够有效吸附多种细胞因子,有效降低肺部灌洗液中的炎性IL-6与GM-CSF水平。通过鼻内吸入纳米“诱饵”,小鼠肺部的急性炎症得到了很好的缓解。

该研究展示了一种新型纳米技术用于缓解COVID-19新冠肺炎引起的免疫紊乱,为COVID-19新冠肺炎治疗提供了一种新的研究思路。

美国国立卫生研究院的陈小元教授和复旦大学姜世勃、谢幼华、陆路教授是本文的共同通讯作者,美国国立卫生研究院博士后饶浪、复旦大学博士后夏帅、青年副研究员徐巍是论文共同第一作者。

原始出处:

Lang Rao, Shuai Xia, Wei Xu,et al.Decoy nanoparticles protect against COVID-19 by concurrently adsorbing viruses and inflammatory cytokines.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Oct 6;202014352. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2014352117.

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    2021-04-15 drwjr
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    2020-10-24 kcb074
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    2020-10-23 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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