整体观+全病程管理 中西医结合治疗前列腺疾病价值凸显|国际络病学大会•前列腺论坛

2022-09-11 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

临床研究显示,夏荔芪胶囊可提高治疗的总有效率,降低IPSS评分,提高最大尿流率,改善生活质量,改善排尿无力、夜尿频多、滴沥不尽等症状,安全性良好。

      近年来,随着我国人口老龄化的不断加剧、生活习惯的改变及生活节奏的加快,前列腺疾病的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,严重威胁我国男性健康与生活质量。前列腺炎和良性前列腺增生(BPH)是前列腺疾病中常见的两种疾病,二者均可引起下尿路症状,对男性的社会生活和心理健康造成严重影响,也是当前我国泌尿外科和男科研究的重点方向之一。

 

      在刚刚落幕的第十八届国际络病学大会前列腺疾病分论坛上,来自泌尿外科、中西医结合科等领域的二十余位专家,围绕前列腺疾病防治研究进展、治疗新方法和新思路等热点话题,交流分享了专家观点与实践经验。

      本次会议由中华医学会泌尿外科学分会主任委员、中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院黄健教授,中国医师协会泌尿外科分会会长、中国医学科学院肿瘤医院邢念增教授,中华医学会男科学分会主任委员、中山大学附属第一医院邓春华教授共同担任会议主席,卫生部北京医院王建业教授、山东大学齐鲁医院史本康教授、安徽医科大学第一附属医院梁朝朝教授等针对当前我国前列腺炎、前列腺增生的诊治现状及中医药在治疗前列腺疾病方面的独特优势,发表了各自的观点。

 

 

 

中医药有望为前列腺增生治疗提供新方法

      良性前列腺增生(BPH)在40-79岁中老年男性中的发病率约为50%,在≥80岁男性中的发病率高达80%。BPH在严重影响患者生活质量的同时,也易诱发急性尿潴留、泌尿道感染、血尿、膀胱憩室、结石,甚至肾积水和肾功能衰竭等并发症。

 

 

      国家老年医学中心主任、北京医院王建业教授分享了BPH的治疗与管理经验。他指出,目前BPH药物治疗尚未满足患者需求。研究发现,大体积BPH患者的手术风险较小体积前列腺患者明显升高(2.5倍),提示目前的药物治疗未能很好地控制这类患者的手术干预风险;不同前列腺体积的BPH患者用药基本类似,提示未能根据患者前列腺大小及时应用5α-还原酶抑制剂(5ARI)药物。

     下尿路症状(LUTS)是患者寻求治疗的主要原因,对BPH患者的治疗在强调控制LUTS症状的同时BPH进展也是治疗重点之一。“单纯控制症状不能解决全部问题,患者对手术风险及急性尿潴留风险也存在担忧。对于大体积、进展比较快的BPH患者,通过联合用药可控制疾病的发展”王建业教授提示,大型临床研究发现,相比单药治疗,联合5ARI和α受体阻滞剂治疗降低急性尿潴留和BPH相关手术风险达65.8%,提示联合+单药维持方案可有效解决症状和进展问题。

 

      山东省医师协会泌尿外科分会主任委员、山东大学齐鲁医院史本康教授介绍了改善膀胱逼尿肌功能在治疗BPH中的重要性。他指出,膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)是导致膀胱结构和功能发生病理生理级联反应的初始因素,逼尿肌胶原蛋白的含量与尿路的梗阻情况、症状的存在及严重程度有关。“膀胱重塑包括肥大期、代偿期、失代偿期三个阶段。”史本康教授指出,治疗BOO的同时要关注膀胱功能的改善。

      在BPH引起膀胱逼尿肌受损的治疗中,应控制早期症状,解除梗阻,缓解逼尿肌不稳定收缩,治疗药物包括α1受体阻滞剂+β3受体激动剂、α1受体阻滞剂+M受体激动剂等。研究发现,逼尿肌功能减弱(DU)的BPH患者,在前列腺气化电切(PV)或钬激光前列腺剜除术(HoLEP)术后5年内,患者排尿症状、生活质量和排尿后残余尿量的改善仍能维持。

      一项夏荔芪胶囊用于改善BOO后逼尿肌功能的研究证实,夏荔芪胶囊可改善膀胱发生的病理性重塑,并恢复膀胱功能。史本康教授指出,目前临床上仍缺乏专门针对改善膀胱逼尿肌代偿肥大及纤维化重塑的药物,中医药有望成为治疗新方法。

 

慢性前列腺炎应重视身心同治

 

      对于前列腺炎这类临床常见的前列腺疾病,中国医师协会男科与性医学医师分会候任会长、安徽医科大学第一附属医院梁朝朝教授介绍,由其带领的课题组进行的一项关于我国青壮年男性慢性前列腺炎的流行病学调查,结果首次得出,我国人群中慢性前列腺炎样症状的发病率为8.4%。

      一项基于全国多家医院的研究显示,泌尿外科医师治疗慢性前列腺炎的常用药物包括植物(中药)疗法、α-受体阻滞剂和抗生素(64.0%)。他指出,目前对慢性前列腺炎的发病机制不清、病因不明,临床主要采取经验性治疗,存在治疗方法较乱、治疗不规范、无统一标准、无科学依据等问题。

      “未来,应建立并推广以症状为核心的慢性前列腺炎诊疗体系。”梁朝朝教授指出,临床应以改善症状为主要治疗原则,对症处理排尿症状、疼痛症状、性功能障碍等。

      梁朝朝教授介绍,近年来,学科开展了多项慢性前列腺炎研究工作,并据此提出“前列腺盆腔综合征”新理念,代替以往慢性前列腺炎的概念,改变了人们对慢性前列腺炎的认识,避免了过度诊断和治疗,未来需要多中心研究进一步证实。

 

      中国中医药信息研究会男科分会会长、中国中医科学院西苑医院郭军教授分享了慢性前列腺炎中医药研究现状与展望。通过近40年对慢性前列腺炎知识图谱进行分析,发现其病因病机渐趋复杂,常多脏腑为病,治疗更重视心理因素的影响,且处方内中药功效类别繁多。

      郭军教授指出,慢性前列腺炎的治疗理念已转变为心身同治、整体与局部同调;中医药治疗前列腺炎也从单一中药转变为中成药、针灸、灌肠、心理治疗、中西医结合治疗等,治疗药物由中医汤剂、栓剂为主发展到多种中成药广泛应用。

      “目前,中医药治疗慢性前列腺炎的研究团队之间缺乏深度的交流合作,缺乏突出中医特色的高质量循证医学证据,且研究方法较局限。”郭军教授表示,未来应加强合作、优势互补,更多开展多中心、高质量、真实世界队列研究,在探索疾病机制方面取得突破性进展。

 

中医治疗夜尿症凸显整体化思维

 

      “研究发现,我国几乎100%的男性LUTS/BPH患者都存在起夜排尿现象,其中起夜2次以上者占91%。”中华医学会泌尿外科学分会尿控学组工作秘书、上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院宋奇翔博士介绍,夜尿症对患者的睡眠质量、精神状态等具有负面影响,同时,夜尿症患者发生骨折和死亡的风险显著高于非夜尿症者。夜尿的病因不仅与前列腺增生或膀胱功能异常相关,还具有全身性、多脏器功能异常因素。

      对夜尿症的诊疗,2022EAU指南推荐先进行定性诊断,排除其他疾病后进行程度诊断,评估是否需要临床药物干预,接着进行分型诊断,采用整体化思维决定干预方式,进行个体化治疗。

      宋奇翔博士表示,夜尿症的个体化治疗主要分为三类,对于夜间多尿患者,采用去氨加压素或利尿剂以减少夜间尿液产生;对于夜间膀胱容量降低患者,采用M受体拮抗剂或β受体激动剂以降低膀胱兴奋性;对于混合性夜尿患者,采用联合用药或中成药物双管齐下治疗。

      在中成药治疗夜尿症方面,宋奇翔博士指出,络病理论指导下的夏荔芪胶囊对夜尿症具有健脾益肾、利水散结的综合治疗作用,以及快治慢养的治疗特点。临床研究显示,夏荔芪胶囊可提高治疗的总有效率,降低IPSS评分,提高最大尿流率,改善生活质量,改善排尿无力、夜尿频多、滴沥不尽等症状,安全性良好。宋奇翔博士强调,夏荔芪胶囊治疗夜尿具有整体观念,可标本兼治、攻补兼施、治养结合,可同时改善患者排尿期和储尿期症状,凸显中医治疗的整体化思维。

      此外,《良性前列腺增生诊疗及健康管理指南》《良性前列腺增生症中西医结合多学科诊疗指南(2022版)》等指南对夏荔芪胶囊的临床应用做出了相关推荐。“中西医结合诊疗为夜尿症治疗提供了全新思路,期待未来更多的临床研究进一步验证。”

 

总结

      前列腺疾病是影响老年男性身体健康和生活质量的主要因素之一。前列腺疾病病情比较复杂,治疗起来也容易反复,因此现在主要是通过“快治慢养”药物组合进行治疗,患者通过合理的药物治疗,能够很大程度上减轻前列腺炎或前列腺增生的症状,提高患者整体的生活质量。

      应用络病理论探索前列腺疾病病机,可填补传统中医理论空缺,对治疗前列腺疾病、保护男性健康具有指导意义。

 

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    2022-11-01 ms6000000617040544

    中西医结合治疗

    0

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