Lancet子刊:万能“鱼油”究竟能不能保护心血管病?来看看近期的meta分析结果

2021-09-12 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

Omega-3 降低了心血管的死亡率并改善了心血管的结果。与EPA+DHA相比,EPA单药治疗的心血管风险降低更为突出。

鱼油为鱼类体内不饱和脂肪的简称,指富含EPA(二十碳五烯酸)、DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)的鱼体内的油脂。二者均为不饱和脂肪酸,且分子结构极为接近,因此EPA极易在人体内转化为高密度脂蛋白(HDL)发挥生理功能。

普通鱼体内含EPA、DHA数量极微,只有寒冷地区深海里的鱼,如三文鱼、沙丁鱼等体内EPA、DHA含量极高,而且陆地其他动物体内几乎不含EPA、DHA。因此选用深海鱼来提练EPA及DHA。

人类主要从鱼类油脂中摄取EPA和DHA,其中以海产肥鱼中含量最高,某些淡水鱼中也含有一定量的EPA和DHA,其他动物性食物中含量较少。而植物性食物中不含有EPA和DHA。EPA与DHA均为Omega-3。

大量研究表明,Omega-3在大脑功能、正常的生长发育和炎症方面发挥着重要作用。缺乏脂肪酸与各种健康问题有关,包括血管疾病、某些癌症、情绪障碍、关节炎等。这也就是为什么鱼油补充剂一直被宣传为保护心脏、缓解炎症、改善心理健康、延长寿命的原因。

但这并不意味着服用高剂量就能转化为更好的健康和疾病预防。事实上,关于鱼油是否真有益处,科学界一直有所争议。2018年11月,NEJM报道的一项研究发现,Omega-3脂肪酸补充剂对减少没有任何已知心脏病危险因素的中年男性和女性的心脏病发作、中风或心脏病死亡毫无作用。

为了确定Omega-3对致命和非致命心血管结果的有效性,并研究EPA与EPA+DHA治疗效果的潜在差异性,来自美国西弗吉尼亚大学医学系的专家开展了一项荟萃分析,结果发表在Lancet子刊上。

试验流程

研究人员搜索了EMBASE、PubMed、ClinicalTrials.gov和Cochrane图书馆的数据库,对38项omega-3 FAs的随机对照试验进行了荟萃分析,按EPA单药和EPA+DHA治疗分层。估计了随机效应率(RRs)和(95%置信区间),并使用GRADE对证据的确定性进行了评级。所关注的主要结果是心血管死亡、非致命心血管结果、出血和心房颤动(AF)。

在149051名参与者中,ω-3能降低7%心血管死亡率(RR=0.93,95%CI:0.88-0.98)、13%非致命性心肌梗死(MI)(RR=0.87[0.81-0.93])、9%冠心病事件(CHD)(RR=0.91 [0.87-0.96])、5%主要不良心血管事件(MACE)(RR=0.95 [0.92-0.98])和9%血管重建(RR=0.91 [0.87-0.95])。

研究结果森林图

荟萃分析显示,EPA单药治疗(0.82 [0.68-0.99])比EPA+DHA(0.94 [0.89-0.99])对心血管死亡、非致命性MI(EPA:0. 72 [0.62-0.84];EPA+DHA:0.92 [0.85-1.00])、CHD事件(EPA:0.73 [0.62-0.85]以及MACE和血管再造均更有效。

此外,Omega-3 FA增加了意外房颤(RR,1.26 [1.08-1.48])。EPA单药与对照组相比,与总出血(RR:1.49[1.20-1.84])和房颤(RR,1.35[1.10-1.66])的较高风险有关。

综上,Omega-3 降低了心血管的死亡率并改善了心血管的结果。与EPA+DHA相比,EPA单药治疗的心血管风险降低更为突出。

 

参考文献:

Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2021 Jul 8;38:100997.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1644910, encodeId=bc561644910c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e3eb89e17fb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89717, encryptionId=e3eb89e17fb, topicName=血管病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=64bb23195917, createdName=Luyuxie_17, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 18:50:08 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888338, encodeId=525b188833867, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 08:50:08 CST 2022, time=2022-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896891, encodeId=b47d18968911b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Mon Oct 04 17:50:08 CST 2021, time=2021-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1831296, encodeId=29d1183129665, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Tue Oct 19 00:50:08 CST 2021, time=2021-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1034449, encodeId=f35a1034449f4, content=顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=goodbing, createdTime=Sun Sep 12 20:50:08 CST 2021, time=2021-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-19 guojianrong
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1644910, encodeId=bc561644910c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e3eb89e17fb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89717, encryptionId=e3eb89e17fb, topicName=血管病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=64bb23195917, createdName=Luyuxie_17, createdTime=Mon Mar 28 18:50:08 CST 2022, time=2022-03-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888338, encodeId=525b188833867, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Tue Apr 19 08:50:08 CST 2022, time=2022-04-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896891, encodeId=b47d18968911b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Mon Oct 04 17:50:08 CST 2021, time=2021-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1831296, encodeId=29d1183129665, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Tue Oct 19 00:50:08 CST 2021, time=2021-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1034449, encodeId=f35a1034449f4, content=顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=goodbing, createdTime=Sun Sep 12 20:50:08 CST 2021, time=2021-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-04 一闲
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    2021-10-19 howi
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    2021-09-12 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

    0

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COPD一般指慢性阻塞性肺疾病。 慢性阻塞性肺疾病是一种具有气流阻塞特征的慢性支气管炎和(或)肺气肿,可进一步发展为肺心病和呼吸衰竭的常见慢性疾病。

全世界都在吃的『鱼油』能护心血管?JAHA:可降血压,但要控制『每日摄入量』

由于人体自身无法合成EPA和DHA,所以就需要从饮食或补剂中摄入。

Clin Nutrition:鱼油补充剂与痴呆症风险的关联:一项针对 215,083 名老年人的前瞻性研究

痴呆症(英Dementia、德Demenz),其英文Dementia 一字来自拉丁语(de- 意指"远离" + mens 意指"心智");是一种因脑部伤害或疾病所导致的渐进性认知功能退化。

JAMA:吃鱼油,易抑郁!每日补充1克鱼油,抑郁症或临床抑郁相关症状风险增加13%

尽管本研究不支持补充omega-3作为一般人群中的抑郁症预防手段,但这并不是该类研究的一个句点。