EHJ:“两大金刚”别嘌呤醇与苯溴马隆在痛风患者中的相关心血管风险

2021-09-12 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

痛风发作是疼痛剧烈的致失能性炎症性关节炎,通常累及单个关节,但有时也会累及2个或更多关节。

痛风发作是疼痛剧烈的致失能性炎症性关节炎,通常累及单个关节,但有时也会累及2个或更多关节。此时的治疗目标是迅速、安全地缓解疼痛和失能。即使不给予治疗,发作也通常会在数日到数周内完全缓解,特别是早期疾病。但很多抗炎药物都能加快症状缓解。

发作缓解后,患者进入无症状期(间期、间歇期或发作间期)。但大部分患者都会复发,随着发作频率的上升,症状可能会更加严重持久,而无症状期会缩短。反复发作的患者以及发展为慢性关节炎或痛风石的患者可使用降尿酸药物长期预防,以防痛风复发或发展为慢性痛风石性疾病。

有几类抗炎药物都能有效治疗痛风发作,包括全身用和关节内注射糖皮质激素、非甾体类抗炎药(NSAID)、秋水仙碱以及抑制IL-1β的生物制剂等。基本要求应达到“早治疗、早预防、降尿酸”的原则。

在发作期间继续降尿酸治疗–发作时已在接受降尿酸药物治疗(例如,别嘌醇、非布司他、丙磺舒、苯溴马隆或聚乙二醇重组尿酸酶)的患者应继续治疗,不要中断。暂停用药没有益处,并且停药一段时间后的复用可能会诱发痛风发作。

其中,别嘌醇和苯溴马隆是痛风患者降尿酸治疗的两大基石。随着痛风和相关心血管(CVD)疾病的高发病率,关于个别降尿酸药物的心血管安全性比较的信息变得越来越重要。然而,很少有研究对尿酸盐制剂的CVD风险进行研究。

为了比较了开始使用别嘌呤醇和苯溴马隆的痛风患者的CVD风险,来自韩国首尔国立大学盆塘医院内科风湿病科的专家开展了相关研究,结果发表在《欧洲心脏病杂志》EHJ上。

利用韩国国家健康保险索赔数据(2002-17年),研究人员对124434名痛风患者进行了队列研究,他们开始使用别嘌呤醇(n = 103695)或苯溴马隆(n = 20739),按5:1的比例进行倾向性评分匹配。主要结果是心肌梗死、中风/短暂性脑缺血发作或冠状动脉血运重建的复合CVD终点。为了考虑竞争性死亡风险,使用特定病因的危险模型来估计别嘌呤醇启动者与苯溴马隆的结果的危险比(HRs)和95%置信区间(CIs)。

在平均1.16年的随访中,2258名患者发生了复合型CVD事件。别嘌呤醇启动者的复合CV事件发生率(1.81/100人年)高于苯溴马隆(1.61/100人年),前者风险升高22%(HR=1.22,95%CI:1.05-1.41)。与苯溴马隆相比,别嘌呤醇启动者的全因死亡率则升高66%(HR=1.66,95% CI:1.43-1.93)。

别嘌醇与苯溴马隆使用患者K-M曲线

此外,与别嘌呤醇相比,苯溴马隆使用者的CVD合并症的发生率略高:心房颤动(4.2%对3.3%)、高血压(53.1%对49.3%)、慢性肾脏疾病(13.1%对9.2%)、血脂异常(43.5%对36.6%)和糖尿病(27.9%对26.4%)。苯溴马隆使用者的累积类固醇剂量也比别嘌呤醇使用者高。

苯溴马隆和别嘌呤醇使用者的Charlson-Deyo合并症评分(±标准差,SD)分别为1.62±1.81和1.51±1.83。在苯溴马隆使用者中,血脂水平(61.5% vs. 53.2%)、肾功能(62.1% vs. 54.6%)和尿酸水平(65.8% vs. 61.6%)的实验室检测更为频繁。

不同随访时间。别嘌醇与苯溴马隆使用患者CVD事件发生差异

综上,与苯溴马隆相比,别嘌呤醇与复合CVD事件和全因死亡的风险增加有关,苯溴马隆可能会降低痛风患者的CV风险和死亡率。

参考文献:

Cardiovascular risk associated with allopurinol vs. benzbromarone in patients with gout, European Heart Journal, 2021;, ehab619, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab619

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    2022-10-11 lifestar

    “两大金刚”#别嘌呤醇##苯溴马隆##痛风#患者中的相关#心血管风险#。只有#秋水仙碱#才是神药的侯选者

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    2021-09-29 13f0c37dm61暂无昵称

    以前没有太关注。

    0

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    2021-09-17 小小的丁香花

    秋水仙碱看过来

    0

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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2093039, encodeId=0f2b2093039f1, content=“两大金刚”<a href='/topic/show?id=3d6a323398d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#别嘌呤醇#</a>与<a href='/topic/show?id=f1a68e07003' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#苯溴马隆#</a>在<a href='/topic/show?id=69bbe11620e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#痛风#</a>患者中的相关<a href='/topic/show?id=992151919e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心血管风险#</a>。只有<a href='/topic/show?id=10d5e476742' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#秋水仙碱#</a>才是神药的侯选者, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=32339, encryptionId=3d6a323398d, topicName=别嘌呤醇), TopicDto(id=87070, encryptionId=f1a68e07003, topicName=苯溴马隆), TopicDto(id=71162, encryptionId=69bbe11620e, topicName=痛风), TopicDto(id=51919, encryptionId=992151919e2, topicName=心血管风险), TopicDto(id=74767, encryptionId=10d5e476742, topicName=秋水仙碱)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aa0e14, createdName=lifestar, createdTime=Tue Oct 11 03:39:31 CST 2022, time=2022-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2082567, encodeId=f0e2208256e56, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=56658981223' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#血管风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=89812, encryptionId=56658981223, topicName=血管风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/78FA0899509C358B01B975E8EAC1F88A/100, createdBy=7d822500145, createdName=ms5353107019656438, createdTime=Sun Oct 31 19:12:24 CST 2021, time=2021-10-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1056081, encodeId=ddf8105608113, content=以前没有太关注。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=cfc84293490, createdName=13f0c37dm61暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 13:14:26 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1052199, encodeId=c809105219908, content=秋水仙碱看过来, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210804/5785b262ac614e2787c8b09e8d8ae840/5cf1162cd10d42bc817ae4b32662d7f8.jpg, createdBy=c27d4938136, createdName=小小的丁香花, createdTime=Fri Sep 17 06:39:47 CST 2021, time=2021-09-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1295128, encodeId=ac26129512820, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f1a68e07003' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#苯溴马隆#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=87070, encryptionId=f1a68e07003, topicName=苯溴马隆)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cc52251, createdName=yhy100200, createdTime=Tue Sep 14 08:12:24 CST 2021, time=2021-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1050050, encodeId=ca50105005082, content=苯溴马隆, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210814/61deb584a399410ca9b720adee4e6850/71825fee35134aee90c3ed9dfe89b69f.jpg, createdBy=3cff5430616, createdName=云舒, createdTime=Mon Sep 13 21:15:27 CST 2021, time=2021-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1017046, encodeId=948f101e046a2, content=未来可能还是看<a href='/topic/show?id=10d5e476742' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#秋水仙碱#</a>它具有心血管保护作用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=107, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74767, encryptionId=10d5e476742, topicName=秋水仙碱)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Mon Sep 13 15:02:16 CST 2021, time=2021-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-09-13 云舒

    苯溴马隆

    0

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    2021-09-13 病毒猎手

    未来可能还是看#秋水仙碱#它具有心血管保护作用

    0

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痛风患者的一个细节引起医生注意,结果竟查出心梗!

心梗早期发病可能比较隐匿,很多患者在初期不太在意,但事实上很凶险,心肌一旦大面积梗死,会引发呼吸、心跳骤停而死亡。

痛风患者降尿酸药物的选择

几种促尿酸排泄药物和黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂(XOI)是非常有效的降尿酸盐药物,它们可使患者血尿酸水平恢复正常,最终减少或消除痛风发作,并预防或溶解痛风石。

Am J Clin Nutr:膳食宏量营养素对血清尿酸盐的影响:OmniHeart试验的结果

长期以来,饮食一直被认为是高尿酸血症和痛风发病机理中一个重要的可改变因素。预防痛风的膳食建议传统上强调减少富含嘌呤的食物(如肉类、海鲜和富含嘌呤的蔬菜)的摄入量,因为嘌呤是嘌呤清除途径中尿酸盐的前体。

拓展阅读

Rheumatology:SEL-212在难治性痛风治疗中的有效性与安全性

SEL-212在治疗难治性痛风方面的效果与pegloticase相当,同时在降低血清尿酸水平方面表现出更佳的统计显著性。

【解读分享】成人高尿酸血症与痛风食养指南

本指南主要面向未合并肾功能不全等相关合并症的成人高尿酸血症、痛风人群以及基层卫生工作者(包括营养指导人员),为高尿酸血症与痛风的预防与改善提供食养指导,不可代替药物治疗。

降尿酸、防痛风!2024指南:9类食物这样吃更科学、更健康

《成人高尿酸血症与痛风食养指南(2024年版)》以食养理念为基础,依据现代营养学理论和相关证据等,提出成人高尿酸血症与痛风人群食养基本原则和食谱示例。

成人高尿酸血症与痛风诊断、分型、治疗、食养一览表(2024年版)

成人高尿酸血症与痛风诊断、分型、治疗、食养一览表(2024年版)

Arthritis Rheumatol:饮食干预虽然对体重有显著影响,但对改善痛风相关症状的效果有限

密集饮食干预在肥胖痛风患者中安全且有效地降低了体重,但体重减轻并未直接转化为对SU、疲劳和疼痛的影响。

菌类食物:痛风患者的高嘌呤陷阱

对于痛风或高尿酸人群来说,需要特别注意的是,浓郁的菌菇汤、菌菇火锅等高嘌呤食物应该谨慎食用。