Behavioral Science & Policy Association:工作压力对健康的伤害等同于二手烟所造成的伤害

2015-09-09 MedSci MedSci原创

Behavioral Science & Policy Association:工作压力对健康的伤害等同于二手烟所造成的伤害大多数人会在其生命的某个时刻经受过工作压力。但是工作压力对我们的健康会产生怎样的影响?来自哈佛大学商学院的一项新的研究表明,工作压力对我们健康的损害就如同暴露于二手烟中所造成的伤害一样,该研究成果发表于《Behavioral Science & Policy

大多数人会在其生命的某个时刻经受工作压力。但是工作压力对我们的健康会产生怎样的影响?来自哈佛大学商学院的一项新的研究表明,工作压力对我们健康的损害就如同暴露于二手烟中所造成的伤害一样,该研究成果发表于Behavioral Science & Policy Association

今年早些时候,《今日医学新闻》就已报道,压力会增加心脏病、糖尿病及阿尔茨海默病的风险。由美国心理学协会(APA)所进行的 “压力在美国”的调查发现,在美国,金钱是产生压力的首要原因,其次便是工作,60%的美国人认为工作是引起压力的主要原因。

研究人员认为:“美国在应对不断持续增长的医疗费用及不良健康状况的政策很大程度上忽略了职场心里压力(如工作要求、经济不安全及长时间工作)对健康的影响。”

政策制定者应处理引发工作压力的工作实践

本研究中,研究人员进行了一项包括228项研究在内的meta分析,这些研究探讨了许多工作压力来源(如工作不安全感、家庭工作冲突、工作要求高、工作时间长)对以下4种健康结果的影响:疾病的存在情况、自我报告健康状况不良、自我报告精神状况不良及死亡率。

结果表明,与没有工作要求的人相比,工作要求高的人诊断出疾病的可能性高50%。工作不安全感可增加50%的身体及精神健康不良的风险,而长时间工作可增加20%的死亡率。

研究人员还对比了工作压力来源与暴露于二手烟对健康所造成的影响,结果发现二者对健康产生的影响相似。他们写道:

“公众普遍认识到,暴露于二手烟可对健康产生影响,其影响程度引起了监管层的干预。如二手烟是公认的致癌物质,美国的很多州及其他国家明令禁止在密闭的场所(包括工作地点)吸烟。

该项meta分析结果表明,工作压力来源所增加的健康结果较差的几率与暴露于二手烟所致的程度相同。

因此,Goh及其同事认为,在工作地点改善健康行为,如增加运动及减少二手烟的暴露的同时,政策制定者还应解决导致工作压力的工作实践。

他们补充道:“例如,工作再设计应包括限制工作时间、减少轮班和不可预期的工作时间并鼓励灵活安排员工的工作,可有助于员工实现工作和家庭之间更好的平衡。除非公司及政府制定更严格的措施及干预手段以减少有害的工作压力来源,否则,很难有效改善员工的健康及生活质量并减小医疗费用的支出。”

原始出处:


Work stress 'damages health as much as secondhand smoke exposure'.MNT, Monday 7 September 2015

Joel Goh et al.Workplace stressors & health outcomes: health policy for the workplace.Behavioral Science & Policy Association.September 2015.

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    2016-03-04 小几洁
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947831, encodeId=6ac1194e831bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e54d8483db' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HAV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8483, encryptionId=e54d8483db, topicName=HAV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3fc52500170, createdName=12498cbcm00(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Dec 21 12:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1780297, encodeId=d34c1e80297b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8dc13318e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#behavior#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3318, encryptionId=8dc13318e6, topicName=behavior)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/WQ1WyMBGic8d2fKdCe6Cm3vaRh4X8YnlumYndC46iagNCBl9Df8RtoCaQchnFtZldHUctGJjsgsyutUlu8vPq6yQ/132, createdBy=97862500016, createdName=ms3117646317107274, createdTime=Fri Oct 02 03:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2020176, encodeId=da0b20201e62f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1584134451c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oral#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13445, encryptionId=1584134451c, topicName=Oral)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIpeueeYB1kem1yfEZrSYKBdZBoqac9USf0RxIgRICBIyDn4licyiaiakNnobeCDVpvwqaWgwTNeLRHA/132, createdBy=bb5e2500127, createdName=小几洁, createdTime=Fri Mar 04 02:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1340101, encodeId=a31f134010181, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77b0239266a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二手烟#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23926, encryptionId=77b0239266a, topicName=二手烟)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1dfd2500156, createdName=12498c24m69暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375090, encodeId=619d13e509095, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521849, encodeId=6fbe1521849b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f83866137f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6613, encryptionId=f83866137f, topicName=EHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=937d11405368, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1535739, encodeId=46831535e3922, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c49b4e874bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#工作压力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47874, encryptionId=c49b4e874bf, topicName=工作压力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f93c12610624, createdName=tm10051985, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947831, encodeId=6ac1194e831bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e54d8483db' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HAV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8483, encryptionId=e54d8483db, topicName=HAV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3fc52500170, createdName=12498cbcm00(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Dec 21 12:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1780297, encodeId=d34c1e80297b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8dc13318e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#behavior#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3318, encryptionId=8dc13318e6, topicName=behavior)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/WQ1WyMBGic8d2fKdCe6Cm3vaRh4X8YnlumYndC46iagNCBl9Df8RtoCaQchnFtZldHUctGJjsgsyutUlu8vPq6yQ/132, createdBy=97862500016, createdName=ms3117646317107274, createdTime=Fri Oct 02 03:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2020176, encodeId=da0b20201e62f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1584134451c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oral#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13445, encryptionId=1584134451c, topicName=Oral)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIpeueeYB1kem1yfEZrSYKBdZBoqac9USf0RxIgRICBIyDn4licyiaiakNnobeCDVpvwqaWgwTNeLRHA/132, createdBy=bb5e2500127, createdName=小几洁, createdTime=Fri Mar 04 02:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1340101, encodeId=a31f134010181, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77b0239266a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二手烟#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23926, encryptionId=77b0239266a, topicName=二手烟)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1dfd2500156, createdName=12498c24m69暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375090, encodeId=619d13e509095, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521849, encodeId=6fbe1521849b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f83866137f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6613, encryptionId=f83866137f, topicName=EHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=937d11405368, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1535739, encodeId=46831535e3922, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c49b4e874bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#工作压力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47874, encryptionId=c49b4e874bf, topicName=工作压力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f93c12610624, createdName=tm10051985, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-09-10 jichang
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947831, encodeId=6ac1194e831bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e54d8483db' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HAV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8483, encryptionId=e54d8483db, topicName=HAV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3fc52500170, createdName=12498cbcm00(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Dec 21 12:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1780297, encodeId=d34c1e80297b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8dc13318e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#behavior#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3318, encryptionId=8dc13318e6, topicName=behavior)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/WQ1WyMBGic8d2fKdCe6Cm3vaRh4X8YnlumYndC46iagNCBl9Df8RtoCaQchnFtZldHUctGJjsgsyutUlu8vPq6yQ/132, createdBy=97862500016, createdName=ms3117646317107274, createdTime=Fri Oct 02 03:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2020176, encodeId=da0b20201e62f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1584134451c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oral#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13445, encryptionId=1584134451c, topicName=Oral)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIpeueeYB1kem1yfEZrSYKBdZBoqac9USf0RxIgRICBIyDn4licyiaiakNnobeCDVpvwqaWgwTNeLRHA/132, createdBy=bb5e2500127, createdName=小几洁, createdTime=Fri Mar 04 02:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1340101, encodeId=a31f134010181, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77b0239266a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二手烟#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23926, encryptionId=77b0239266a, topicName=二手烟)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1dfd2500156, createdName=12498c24m69暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375090, encodeId=619d13e509095, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521849, encodeId=6fbe1521849b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f83866137f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6613, encryptionId=f83866137f, topicName=EHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=937d11405368, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1535739, encodeId=46831535e3922, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c49b4e874bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#工作压力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47874, encryptionId=c49b4e874bf, topicName=工作压力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f93c12610624, createdName=tm10051985, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-09-10 qjddjq
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947831, encodeId=6ac1194e831bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e54d8483db' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HAV#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8483, encryptionId=e54d8483db, topicName=HAV)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3fc52500170, createdName=12498cbcm00(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Dec 21 12:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1780297, encodeId=d34c1e80297b0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8dc13318e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#behavior#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3318, encryptionId=8dc13318e6, topicName=behavior)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/WQ1WyMBGic8d2fKdCe6Cm3vaRh4X8YnlumYndC46iagNCBl9Df8RtoCaQchnFtZldHUctGJjsgsyutUlu8vPq6yQ/132, createdBy=97862500016, createdName=ms3117646317107274, createdTime=Fri Oct 02 03:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2020176, encodeId=da0b20201e62f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1584134451c' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Oral#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13445, encryptionId=1584134451c, topicName=Oral)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIpeueeYB1kem1yfEZrSYKBdZBoqac9USf0RxIgRICBIyDn4licyiaiakNnobeCDVpvwqaWgwTNeLRHA/132, createdBy=bb5e2500127, createdName=小几洁, createdTime=Fri Mar 04 02:02:00 CST 2016, time=2016-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1340101, encodeId=a31f134010181, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=77b0239266a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二手烟#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23926, encryptionId=77b0239266a, topicName=二手烟)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1dfd2500156, createdName=12498c24m69暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1375090, encodeId=619d13e509095, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1521849, encodeId=6fbe1521849b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f83866137f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6613, encryptionId=f83866137f, topicName=EHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=937d11405368, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1535739, encodeId=46831535e3922, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c49b4e874bf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#工作压力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=47874, encryptionId=c49b4e874bf, topicName=工作压力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f93c12610624, createdName=tm10051985, createdTime=Thu Sep 10 17:02:00 CST 2015, time=2015-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

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9月14日英国医学刊物《柳叶刀》刊登论文说,工作压力大的人群出现心脏病的风险会更高,因此人们如果能想办法减轻工作压力,有助改善健康。 一个国际研究小组调查了比利时、丹麦、芬兰、法国、荷兰、瑞典和英国这7个欧洲国家中近20万人的健康资料,分析结果显示,那些工作压力较大的人,与其他人比起来出现心脏病的风险要高出23%。这里的工作压力大是指工作对人的要求较高,并且缺少对工作内容的决定权的情况。 领导