Neuron: 缺乏动力?Cell子刊新发现可以改善精神疾病的诊断和治疗

2019-11-24 佚名 中国生物技术网

目前,科学家们对大脑内侧缰核还知之甚少,但对外侧缰核(LHb)的研究已经越来越充分。

目前,科学家们对大脑内侧缰核还知之甚少,但对外侧缰核(LHb)的研究已经越来越充分。

在最近的一篇相关研究中,来自美国加州大学伯克利分校的的一项小鼠研究确定了与抑郁症常见症状,如缺乏与精力相关动机(缺乏动力)的生物标志物。这一发现可以指导研究人员寻找新的方法来诊断甚至治疗那些缺乏动力的人,并为精神疾病(如抑郁症)提供更精准的治疗。该研究近日已发表在《Neuron》上。

如今,抑郁症已经是全球越发普遍的心理健康疾病,它是导致人们失去工作能力的最主要原因。即使是同样确诊抑郁症的患者,他们的症状也可能存在显着差异,并且症状与治疗之间缺乏关联是造成大约一半患者对药物或其他疗法没有效果的根本原因,而且这些药物通常具有副作用。

研究通讯作者、分子和细胞生物学助理教授Stephan Lammel说:“如果能确定抑郁症特定症状的生物标志物,那我们只需进行血液检查或对大脑成像就可以为患者确定合适的药物。但那是理想的情况,我们现在离这一目标还很远。”

现在,Lammel及其团队第一次在小鼠大脑的一个区域,即外侧缰核中发现了一些基因,这些基因在因慢性压力而表现出动力减弱小鼠中被强烈打开或上调。该区域与其他抑郁症状,包括焦虑和快感不足,即无法感到愉悦无关。

图片来源:《Neuron》

Lammel说:“我们认为这项研究不但能够改变基础科学家研究动物抑郁症的方式,而且它将解剖学、生理学和分子生物标志物结合的方式可以为开发专门针对特定症状的抗抑郁药奠定了基础。”

在该研究中,Lammel团队对小鼠抑郁症模型进行了研究。该模型在过去60年中一直是该疾病基础研究的主要内容。将小鼠置于持续的压力下会产生至少三种人类抑郁症的常见症状,即焦虑、缺乏动机和失去愉悦感。科学家们正在通过研究这些症状来了解人类抑郁症。

然而,到目前为止,研究人员在寻找答案的过程中一直忽略症状的差异,而是将所有的小鼠归类为压力(抑郁)或非压力(不抑郁)。研究人员希望尝试找出与每种特定症状相关的大脑变化。

Lammel说:“不幸的是,目前的抑郁症治疗往往基于猜测,没有一种疗法对所有人有效,也没有人提供客观数据来区分症状和亚型之间的巨大变异性。如果能明确了解那些患有特定症状的动物大脑是如何变化的,也许我们就可以逆转它。”

在最近的一项小型临床研究中,医生用电刺激抑郁症患者大脑的外侧缰核,并发现对其他疗法有抗性的患者症状有所改善,于是研究人员决定研究该大脑区域。在过去的几年中,外侧缰核越来越受到关注,部分原因是它与大脑中的多巴胺和5-羟色胺(血清素)系统相连,众所周知这两种系统都与抑郁有关。当前用于治疗抑郁症的最常见药物是血清素再摄取抑制剂(SRI)。


小鼠大脑外侧缰核(LHb)中的神经元向腹侧被盖区(VTA)和中缝背核区(DR)发送信号,这两个大脑区域分别负责多巴胺和5-羟色胺的释放。图片来源:Stephan Lammel

Lammel说:“在经历长期压力后,外侧缰核细胞的神经活动增加,发射更多脉冲,变得过度活跃。我们发现这种过度活跃只存在于表现出显着动机性行为缺陷的小鼠中,而在行为正常表现出焦虑或快感不足的小鼠中则没有。”

随后,Lammel的团队确定了这些特殊小鼠中由于长期压力而发生改变的外侧缰核中的特定突触、细胞和回路,并与苏黎世大学Csaba Földy团队合作,发现了过度表达的基因。

他们使用CRISPR-Cas9干扰或完全敲除这些基因,以确定哪些对外侧缰核细胞的过度活跃而导致缺乏动力至关重要。或许可以使用药物干扰这些途径,以降低细胞的活性并提升动力。

研究团队下一步计划寻找其他抑郁症症状的生物标志物,包括焦虑和快感不足。

Lammel说:“我们的策略是不再把抑郁症视为一种单一或同质的疾病,我认为所有的基础研究人员都应该采取这种策略。很多医生已经开始从这种角度来看待抑郁症了,这表明基础研究人员和临床研究人员之间的合作很重要。”

原始出处:Ignas Cerniauskas, Jochen Winterer, Johannes W. de Jong, et al. Chronic Stress Induces Activity, Synaptic, and Transcriptional Remodeling of the Lateral Habenula Associated with Deficits in Motivated Behaviors. Neuron. October 28, 2019

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    2020-01-31 by2021
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    2020-11-08 维他命
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    2019-11-24 thm112988

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1871494, encodeId=5f6e18e14941a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Fri Feb 28 05:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1751892, encodeId=c3f31e51892ef, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b6a12e0155' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neuron#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12701, encryptionId=9b6a12e0155, topicName=Neuron)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c9c736410065, createdName=by2021, createdTime=Fri Jan 31 03:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-01-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961783, encodeId=79471961e8343, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sun Nov 08 15:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1921262, encodeId=4322192126240, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6bfa58133ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58133, encryptionId=6bfa58133ef, topicName=新发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=644e456, createdName=vera_1203, createdTime=Tue May 26 12:29:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375752, encodeId=bc8c3e5752b6, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bbc11488193, createdName=thm112988, createdTime=Sun Nov 24 06:36:24 CST 2019, time=2019-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=375751, encodeId=19e03e5751af, content=学习了很有用不錯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Sun Nov 24 06:33:48 CST 2019, time=2019-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-11-24 飛歌

    学习了很有用不錯

    0