Cancer Res:科学家建成恶性脑癌小鼠模型,有望促进癌症研究进展

2019-03-29 纪大乙 生物探索

脉络丛癌(choroid plexus carcinoma,CPC)是一种极具挑战性的脑癌。最常发生于1岁以下的婴儿,临床报道较少,目前治疗首选最大程度的手术切除,其次为放、化疗治疗,年龄≥3岁的患儿行放化疗治疗,而年龄<3岁患者一般不考虑放疗,考虑化疗

脉络丛癌(choroid plexus carcinoma,CPC)是一种极具挑战性的脑癌。最常发生于1岁以下的婴儿,临床报道较少,目前治疗首选最大程度的手术切除,其次为放、化疗治疗,年龄≥3岁的患儿行放化疗治疗,而年龄<3岁患者一般不考虑放疗,考虑化疗。总的来说预后较差,儿童5年总生存率只有40%,并且幸存的患者会遭受化、放疗的终身影响,包括智力残疾和其它患癌风险增加。鉴于其罕见性,CPC病例少,临床数据匮乏,缺乏用于研究的相应动物模型,因此治疗进展缓慢。

近日, Sanford Burnham Prebys的科学家有了新的突破。他们开发了一种CPC小鼠模型,并利用它来筛选新的潜在药物,或有助于治疗。相关研究结果发表在《Cancer Research》杂志上。

研究人员通过激活小鼠神经干细胞或祖细胞中的Myc致癌基因并删除Trp53抑癌基因,从而建立了CPCs的小鼠模型。为了进一步证实该模型与人类疾病的相似性,研究人员结合St. Jude儿童医院David Salkin实验室收集的数据,通过对小鼠和人CPC基因表达谱和拷贝数变化的分析发现,参与细胞周期、DNA损伤反应和纤毛功能的基因表达发生了改变。这证实了该模型适用。

有趣的是,研究团队原本是要开发髓母细胞瘤(一种致命的儿童脑癌)小鼠模型,结果小鼠患上了CPC,可谓是无心插柳柳成荫。“这一意想不到的发现,为肿瘤学的研究提供了许多新思路,包括Myc的重要性、潜在抑癌基因的基因组位置以及癌变细胞源。”

更重要的是,CPC小鼠模型的建立对于今后了解脉络膜丛肿瘤的生物学特性和筛选新的药物方面都有重要的研究价值。

研究人员已经对近8000种化合物进行了高通量筛选,并最终筛选出三种化合物,可以在不伤害健康脑细胞(神经元)的情况下,减少癌细胞的生长。实验室下一步计划,评估这些以及其他能够有效治疗癌症的化合物。

原始出处:Wang J, Merino DM, Light N, et al. Myc and loss of p53 cooperate to drive formation of choroid plexus carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2019 Mar 18.

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    2019-03-29 CHANGE

    梅斯里提供了很多疾病的模型计算公式,赞一个!

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