手机“玩”得好,能让心脑血管疾病患者减少久坐“动起来”?

2021-10-16 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

用于心血管疾病患者身体活动和久坐行为改变的智能手机应用:一项系统综述和荟萃分析

血管疾病 (CVD) 是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因之一。增加身体活动和减少久坐行为是心肺病患者重要的二级预防策略,有助于降低他们因病死亡的风险。

随着智能手机和应用程序在几代人中的增加,为移动健康 (mHealth)提供了独特的机会,从"口袋"影响和融入患者的日常生活。这在COVID-19大流行期间尤为明显。mHealth可以直接与专业人员联系,甚至通过人工智能 (AI) 等手段提供更复杂、自动化和高度定制的干预措施。智能手机应用程序干预有可潜力被用作CVD患者的二级预防工具,但目前它们对增加身体活动和改变久坐行为的功效尚不清楚。

这项系统综述和荟萃分析旨在确定智能手机应用程序是否能有效地改变心血管疾病患者的身体活动和久坐行为。

研究选择过程概述在流程图1中。

 

通过对2007年至2020年10月,6个电子数据库的搜索,本研究共包括19项研究,平均年龄为59.7岁(范围为46.3岁至69岁SD 5.5)。与女性相比,男性参与者的比例在14项研究中更大,其中一项研究只包括女性。共1543名参与者(冠心病,n = 10;高血压,n = 4;中风,n = 3;心力衰竭,n = 1;外周动脉疾病,n =1)。荟萃分析中包括了13项研究。只有2项对照研究报告了久坐行为。

智能手机应用程序使每周中到高强度的体力活动显著增加了40.35分钟(7项研究;p = 0.04;95% CI 1.03 - 79.67),每天2,390步(3项研究;p = 0.0007;95% CI 1,006.9 - 3,791.2)。

子组分析在比较诊断、样本大小、活动跟踪器使用、目标行为和自我报告与设备测量结果时没有发现任何差异。在≤3个月的干预期间和≥60岁的参与者,身体活动有较大改善(95.35 分钟/周; p = 0.05)。

总的来说,智能手机应用程序在增加心血管疾病患者的身体活动方面是有效的,但对久坐行为的影响尚不清楚。结果显示,智能手机应用程序在CVD患者中具有潜在益处,尽管由于迄今为止证据质量低,而且大多数患者患有冠心病,因此执行时还需谨慎行事。在持续时间短(≤3个月)和大于60岁的老年人中,干预似乎最为有效。这些发现表明智能手机应用在这个群体中还处于起步阶段,尤其是久坐行为的变化。未来我们需要进行更大规模的研究,以调查智能手机应用程序在 CVD 诊断中的影响,以便能够确定成功干预的理想时长和方式。

原文来源:

Kacie Patterson,et al.Smartphone applications for physical activity and sedentary behaviour change in people with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258460 October 11., 2021

 

 

 

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