Gastroenterology:奥贝胆酸有望成为治疗PBC的新药物

2014-12-26 一鸣惊人13520 丁香园

原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)是一种自身免疫性肝病,与胆汁淤积有关,依据最新的美国和欧洲的指南,高碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和抗线粒体抗体(AMA)阳性即可诊断PBC,这使PBC的早期诊断率明显提高。 熊去氧胆酸(UCDA)作为唯一批准治疗PBC的药物被广泛应用,然而有多达40%的PBC患者对UDCA治疗反应不良,而且这类患者的肝移植生存率明显低于UDCA治疗反应良好的患者。 奥贝

原发性胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)是一种自身免疫性肝病,与胆汁淤积有关,依据最新的美国和欧洲的指南,高碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和抗线粒体抗体(AMA)阳性即可诊断PBC,这使PBC的早期诊断率明显提高。

熊去氧胆酸(UCDA)作为唯一批准治疗PBC的药物被广泛应用,然而有多达40%的PBC患者对UDCA治疗反应不良,而且这类患者的肝移植生存率明显低于UDCA治疗反应良好的患者。

奥贝胆酸(OCA)是一种半合成的初级胆汁酸鹅去氧胆酸的类似物,能够选择性激活胆汁酸核受体FXR。临床前和临床研究提示,OCA具有较好的抗胆汁淤积、抗炎症和抗纤维化的作用。

为了评估OCA用于治疗UDCA治疗反应不良PBC患者的安全性和有效性,以英国伯明翰大学肝病中心的Hirschfield博士为首的多国学者共同完成了一项研究,提示OCA用于UDCA治疗反应不好的PBC患者治疗有效,文章发表在最近的Gastroenterology上。

这是一个随机双盲对照临床试验,受试者为165例确诊并UDCA治疗6个月以上的PBC患者(95%为女性),试验治疗前ALP水平仍1.5-10倍于正常上限。受试者被随机分为4个组,3个OCA治疗组分别为10mg组、25mg组和50mg组,以及安慰剂组,每日顿服时间为3个月,整个过程所有受试者同时继续服用常规治疗剂量的UDCA。

通过记录受试者ALP等血生化治疗前后的变化以及安全性评估,82%的受试者完成了试验结果显示,OCA治疗组在疗效上均明显优于安慰剂组。

结果显示,OCA治疗组能够显著减少受试者ALP水平(P<0.0001,图1),OCA治疗组受试者ALP水平与治疗前相比平均下降了21%-25%,而安慰剂组仅下降了3%。69%(68/99)的OCA治疗组受试者ALP水平下降了20%以上,而安慰剂组仅有8%(3/37,图2)。


图1.ALP水平治疗前后,OCA治疗组明显减少((3个OCA治疗组 vs 安慰剂组,P<0.0001)


图2.受试者中ALP的下降比例

OCA治疗组受试者谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)水平与治疗前相比平均下降了48%-63%,而安慰剂组下降幅度仅为7%。谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平OCA治疗组受试者平均下降21%-35%,安慰剂组无下降。

尽管受试者结合胆红素水平在治疗前处于正常范围,OCA治疗组治疗后的结合胆红素水平中位值较之前是降低的,而安慰剂组却有小幅增高。而且,OCA治疗组C反应蛋白和IgM水平也较治疗前明显降低。

试验中主要的不良反应为瘙痒,10mg组、25mg组和50mg组瘙痒的发生率分别为47%(无显著差异)、87%和80%(P<0.006),与安慰剂50%相比。重度的瘙痒在3个治疗组的比例依次为16%(6/38)、24%(9/37)、37%(15/41,图3)。


图3.受试者瘙痒严重程度(轻度、中度、重度)及所占比例

研究人员还继续进行了一项非盲的扩展试验阶段,涉及78例PBC患者(根据治疗反应和瘙痒调整剂量),其中61例完成了第一年的试验内容,结果显示,ALP平均水平经一年治疗后与治疗前285±15U/L相比,持续下降至202±11U/L。

数据显示在扩展试验阶段重度瘙痒的发生率较低(图4),尽管有87%(68/78)患者出现不同程度的瘙痒,仅有13%(10/78)的人因瘙痒放弃了OCA治疗。

图4.非盲扩展试验阶段患者瘙痒严重程度及所占比例

结果提示,与安慰剂相比OCA,这种FXR激动剂能够显著降低UDCA治疗反应不好PBC患者的ALP、GGT和ALT水平,剂量范围10-50mg均是有效的。

已知UDCA治疗PBC的有效剂量很大(13-15mg/kg/day),因此UDCA是胆汁酸主导成分大于60%,而对比OCA,研究最后OCA仅组成2%的胆汁酸成分,发挥作用的有效浓度约只需UDCA的百分之一。OCA单药治疗PBC的疗效之前已经通过一个单独的试验得到肯定,不存在与UDCA的协同机制,疗效与UDCA剂量无关。

在整个OCA剂量5倍的范围里并没有观察到明显的结果差异(图1),提示试验中剂量范围是过高的。瘙痒是最常见的不良反应,并且具有明显的剂量相关性。

不良反应瘙痒的发生率和程度在OCA10mg剂量组最低,鉴于有效性和耐受性的平衡,研究人员建议OCA每日剂量10mg容易更好的耐受,但是关于剂量范围的评估还需要进一步研究。

考虑OCA引起的血生化治疗反应在12个月的非盲扩展试验中持续存在,研究人员仍在努力对OCA长期使用的安全性和有效性进行评估,OCA有望成为PBC的新治疗药物。


原始出处:

Gideon M. Hirschfield1,Andrew Mason2, Velimir Luketic3, Keith Lindor4, Stuart Gordon5, Marlyn Mayo6, Kris V. Kowdley7, Catherine Vincent8, Henry C. Bodhenheimer Jr.9, Albert Parés10, Michael Trauner11, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall12, Luciano Adorini13, Cathi Sciacca13, Tessa Beecher-Jones13, Erin Castelloe13, Olaf Böhm14, David Shapiro13.Efficacy of Obeticholic Acid in Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Inadequate Response to Ursodeoxycholic Acid.Gastroenterology.11 December 2014


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    2015-05-09 许安
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    2015-05-01 liuyong2980
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