新冠灭活疫苗最新研究进展发布,或将有效应对不同变异毒株

2022-06-26 中国生物 网络

研究结果表明,目前的新冠灭活疫苗可以有效应对目前不同新冠变异毒株,以及未来变异程度更大的新冠变异毒株。

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-1)和新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2),分别在2003年引起非典疫情,在2019年引起新冠疫情,对人类均具有高致病性。野生动物中类SARS冠状病毒(SARSr-CoVs)的遗传多样性及其跨物种感染的潜在风险,针对各种类SARS冠状病毒广谱疫苗的必要性突显。目前已从蝙蝠中检测或分离出遗传多样性的SARSr-CoVs ,其中一些病毒已被证明利用人类血管紧张素转换酶2 (ACE2)作为受体,并有可能传播给人类。

近日,由国药集团中国生物武汉生物制品研究所与中国科学院武汉病毒研究所合作,在病毒学领域经典专业期刊 Journal of Virology 发表题为“Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Shows Cross-Protection against Bat SARS-Related Coronaviruses in Human ACE2 Transgenic Mice”的研究论文,研究显示,新冠灭活疫苗在小鼠模型中显示对蝙蝠类SARS冠状病毒具有交叉保护作用。

在这项研究中,评估了目前新冠灭活疫苗,对携带两种不同刺突蛋白 (分别命名为rWIV1和rRsSHC014S)的重组SARSr-CoVs的保护效力。尽管血清中和试验显示三种病毒之间的交叉反应性有限,但新冠灭活疫苗在人类ACE2转基因小鼠中,提供了针对上述两种蝙蝠类SARS冠状病毒的保护。而在新冠灭活疫苗免疫动物中,检测到由膜蛋白肽诱导的特异性细胞免疫反应,可能是针对异源SARSr-CoVs的交叉保护的原因。

目前新冠病毒的各种变异株,主要集中为刺突蛋白的突变。但不同新冠变异毒株(包括德尔塔株和奥密克戎株等),亲缘程度及变异程度的差异,远低于本研究中的两种蝙蝠类SARS冠状病毒。

本研究结果表明,前的新冠灭活疫苗具有潜在的针对多种类SARS冠状病毒广泛交叉保护效力。此外,相对于载体病毒、重组蛋白和核酸疫苗,新冠灭活疫苗具有天然、完整的新冠病毒抗原成分,可以有效诱导机体产生更为全面、系统的特异性体液和细胞免疫反应,进而产生广泛交叉保护效力,可以有效应对目前不同新冠变异毒株,以及未来变异程度更大的新冠变异毒株。

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    2022-08-08 贵阳
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    2022-06-26 ms2000001769669405

    进展真快

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