Lancet:快速尿检结核是否能使HIV患者获益?

2018-07-29 李晶津(北京天坛医院 ) 信诺医讯

HIV患者中结核菌感染是主要的致死因素,然而HIV患者中结核易在体内播散,症状缺乏特异性,诊断流程亟待优化。

HIV患者中结核菌感染是主要的致死因素,然而HIV患者中结核易在体内播散,症状缺乏特异性,诊断流程亟待优化。

目前结核诊断金标准分支杆菌培养,需要集中检验且耗费时间,而HIV患者肺部结核菌浓度低且痰液不易咳出,限制了结核痰液筛查的作用。错失的诊断造成全球高住院死亡率和每年大约374000例HIV阳性患者的死亡。尿液检测筛查能够及时获得样本,快速筛查并能反映HIV患者结核播散的情况。

为了观察尿液检测结核是否能使HIV患者获益,该研究组最终筛选分析了2574名患者。其中1861名患者应用了抗病毒治疗,CD4细胞中位数为227 个/μL(IQR79–436)。

研究结果显示,尿检组(1287例)死亡272例(21%),而常规组(1287例)死亡235例(18%),两组56天死亡率无显着差异(矫正后风险降低[aRD] –2.8%, 95%CI –5.8至0.3;p=0.074)。

然而在特定亚组(病情较重)分析中,尿检组的病人死亡率较低,例如CD4细胞计数小于100个/μL(aRD–7.1%,95%CI–13.7至–0.4;p=0.036), 严重贫血(–9.0%,–16.6至-1.3;p=0.021)以及临床疑似结核患者 (–5.7%, -10.9至-0.5;p=0.033)。不良事件方面两组间相似。

该研究结果表明尿检筛查结核不能减少HIV阳性患者死亡,但可能使部分高危病人获益。

原始出处:Ankur Gupta-Wright,MRCP, Prof Elizabeth L Corbett, PhD, Prof Joep J van Oosterhout, PhD, et al. Rapid urine-based screening for tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients admitted to hospital in Africa (STAMP): a pragmatic, multicentre, parallel-group, double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 28 July 2018

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    2018-08-27 howi
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