世界卫生组织网络(WHN)宣布猴痘爆发为大流行病

2022-06-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

世界卫生组织周四召开紧急委员会会议,审议猴痘的螺旋式爆发是否需要宣布为全球紧急情况。 但一些专家表示,世卫组织仅在疾病蔓延到西方之后才采取行动的决定可能会加剧在冠状病毒大流行期间富国和穷国之间出现的荒

世界卫生组织周四召开紧急委员会会议,审议猴痘的螺旋式爆发是否需要宣布为全球紧急情况。 但一些专家表示,世卫组织仅在疾病蔓延到西方之后才采取行动的决定可能会加剧在冠状病毒大流行期间富国和穷国之间出现的荒谬不平等现象。

而在世界卫生组织 (WHO) 准备开会之际,世界卫生组织网络(World Health Network,WHN)发布了一份新闻稿,将当前的猴痘疫情描述为一场大流行,并敦促各国和全球公共卫生当局“立即采取有效行动”。 1,2

World Health Network

梅斯注:世界卫生组织网络(WHN),并不是WHO,不过也不是野鸡组织。

截至 6 月 22 日,42 个国家的猴痘确诊病例为 3308 例。 3

世界卫生组织联合创始人、新英格兰复杂系统研究所所长 Yaneer Bar-Yam 博士在一份新闻稿中说:“没有理由等待猴痘大流行进一步蔓延。”通过立即采取行动,我们可以以最少的努力控制疫情,防止后果恶化。”

“现在需要采取的行动只需要就症状进行明确的公众沟通、广泛可用的检测以及在很少隔离的情况下进行接触者追踪。任何延误只会使努力更加困难,后果更加严重,”Bar-Yam 补充道。

6 月 22 日的 WHN 公告是在预定的世卫组织会议确定猴痘爆发指定的前一天发布的。尽管该组织于 2020 年 3 月开始使用“大流行”一词来描述 COVID-19 疫情,但该组织的最高警报级别通常是“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”。4

什么是猴痘?

猴痘是一种由猴痘病毒感染引起的罕见病毒性疾病,猴痘病毒与天花属于同一病毒家族。 4 根据 CDC 的说法,症状与天花相似,但通常较温和,而且这种疾病“很少致命”。症状可能包括发烧、头痛、肌肉和背部疼痛、淋巴结肿大、发冷、疲惫,以及面部、嘴巴、手、脚、胸部或生殖器上看起来像丘疹或水泡的皮疹。 5

猴痘通过直接接触传染性皮疹或体液在人与人之间传播; “长时间面对面接触”或亲密身体接触期间的呼吸道分泌物;或接触之前接触过传染性皮疹或体液的物品,例如衣服。 6

5 月 25 日,世界卫生组织发布了针对男同性恋、双性恋和其他男男性行为者 (MSM)7 的公共卫生建议;虽然猴痘不仅限于这个社区,但大多数早期病例都是在社区内发现的。2,7 该建议还指出,跨性别和性别多样化的个体“在当前疫情的背景下也可能更容易受到伤害。”7

尽管没有针对猴痘的特异性疫苗,但可以使用两种天花疫苗——Jynneos 和 ACAM2000——作为对该疾病的暴露前预防措施。8 Jynneos 是一种非复制性活病毒,通过相隔 4 周的 2 次皮下注射给药。 ACAM2000 是通过刺破皮肤表面接种的活牛痘病毒。8

目前没有针对猴痘的治疗方法。如果被感染,更有可能患重病的患者(例如免疫功能低下的患者)可能能够接受抗病毒药物,如 tecovirimat (Tpoxx)。9

全球响应

全球科学家批评了世卫组织的应对措施——或缺乏应对措施——包括非洲的主要科学家,他们指出猴痘多年来一直是区域性危机。

“当一种疾病影响到发展中国家时,它(显然)不是紧急情况,”中非共和国班吉巴斯德研究所代理主任 Emmanuel Nakoune 说。 “只有当发达国家受到影响时,它才会成为紧急情况。” Nakoune 目前正在进行猴痘治疗试验。4

据非洲疾病控制和预防中心代理主任 Ahmed Ogwell Ouma 称,整个非洲大陆的猴痘病例和相关死亡人数已经达到“紧急水平”。 4

尽管许多专家同意当前的猴痘爆发符合 WHO 将其定义为紧急情况的标准,但根据报告,该机构“在 COVID[-19] 之后处于危险境地。”4 许多对 WHO 应对措施的批评者认为,大流行声明2020 年 1 月——而不是紧急声明——可能导致政府更快地采取行动。

“世界卫生组织需要紧急宣布自己的国际关注的突发公共卫生事件 (PHEIC),”流行病学家、健康经济学家和 WHN 联合创始人 Eric Feigl-Ding 博士说。 “不应在 2020 年 1 月上旬立即宣布 PHEIC 的教训应被铭记为对流行病采取迟到行动对世界意味着什么的历史教训。”1

参考文献:

  1. The World Health Network declares monkeypox a pandemic — press release. News release. World Health Network. June 22, 2022. Accessed June 23, 2022. https://www.worldhealthnetwork.global/monkeypoxpressrelease
  2. Declaration of monkeypox a global pandemic. World Health Network. Published June 22, 2022. Accessed June 23, 2022. https://www.worldhealthnetwork.global/monkeypoxdeclaration
  3. 2022 global map & case count. CDC. Updated June 22, 2022. Accessed June 23, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/response/2022/world-map.html
  4. Rigby J. WHO eyes decision on monkeypox ‘emergency’, Africa says it’s long overdue. Reuters. Published June 23, 2022. Updated June 23, 2022. Accessed June 23, 2022. https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/monkeypox-emergency-decision-due-who-sparks-african-criticism-2022-06-23/
  5. Signs and symptoms. CDC. Reviewed June 17, 2022. Accessed June 23, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/symptoms.html
  6. How it spreads. CDC. Reviewed June 17, 2022. Accessed June 23, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/transmission.html
  7. Monkeypox: public health advice for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. World Health Organization. Published May 25, 2022. Accessed June 23, 2022. https://www.who.int/news/item/25-05-2022-monkeypox--public-health-advice-for-gay--bisexual-and-other-men-who-have-sex-with-men
  8. Vaccine guidance. CDC. Reviewed June 2, 2022. Accessed June 23, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/clinicians/smallpox-vaccine.html
  9. Treatment. CDC. Reviewed June 17, 2022. Accessed June 23, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/monkeypox/treatment.html

 

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    2022-06-26 xugumin
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    2022-06-25 Blueangel

    采取有效行动

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1665343, encodeId=89bd16653430e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ea3020e82b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#世界卫生#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20782, encryptionId=ea3020e82b6, topicName=世界卫生)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=416625942678, createdName=12498e87m47暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun May 28 06:42:15 CST 2023, time=2023-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1379372, encodeId=a18a13e937298, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88a720e859b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#世界卫生组织#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20785, encryptionId=88a720e859b, topicName=世界卫生组织)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c60d447, createdName=zhenjiu123, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 20:42:15 CST 2022, time=2022-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1411422, encodeId=00af1411422cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91e96538eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流行病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65387, encryptionId=91e96538eee, topicName=流行病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=xugumin, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 20:42:15 CST 2022, time=2022-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1228552, encodeId=5cb11228552fe, content=采取有效行动, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200913/14a20f57ad124155b59e7abcef010870/598e2998bb6746a29dc7cc27d6257a84.jpg, createdBy=d23f4759873, createdName=Blueangel, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 08:16:54 CST 2022, time=2022-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1228544, encodeId=d21712285442f, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b7a31928393, createdName=学医无涯, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 06:39:18 CST 2022, time=2022-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1228541, encodeId=980b122854161, content=好文章,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJlfgys76DEiaNtbYo2re3ibjrUPTRibEXRyFwAB4aAGiave842S0FQDf0wAoaH226NiaSoPPDzhndsf1g/132, createdBy=88b489038, createdName=yangchou, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 05:55:33 CST 2022, time=2022-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-06-25 学医无涯

    了解一下

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1665343, encodeId=89bd16653430e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ea3020e82b6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#世界卫生#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20782, encryptionId=ea3020e82b6, topicName=世界卫生)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=416625942678, createdName=12498e87m47暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun May 28 06:42:15 CST 2023, time=2023-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1379372, encodeId=a18a13e937298, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88a720e859b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#世界卫生组织#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20785, encryptionId=88a720e859b, topicName=世界卫生组织)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c60d447, createdName=zhenjiu123, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 20:42:15 CST 2022, time=2022-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1411422, encodeId=00af1411422cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91e96538eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流行病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65387, encryptionId=91e96538eee, topicName=流行病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=xugumin, createdTime=Sun Jun 26 20:42:15 CST 2022, time=2022-06-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1228552, encodeId=5cb11228552fe, content=采取有效行动, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200913/14a20f57ad124155b59e7abcef010870/598e2998bb6746a29dc7cc27d6257a84.jpg, createdBy=d23f4759873, createdName=Blueangel, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 08:16:54 CST 2022, time=2022-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1228544, encodeId=d21712285442f, content=了解一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b7a31928393, createdName=学医无涯, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 06:39:18 CST 2022, time=2022-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1228541, encodeId=980b122854161, content=好文章,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJlfgys76DEiaNtbYo2re3ibjrUPTRibEXRyFwAB4aAGiave842S0FQDf0wAoaH226NiaSoPPDzhndsf1g/132, createdBy=88b489038, createdName=yangchou, createdTime=Sat Jun 25 05:55:33 CST 2022, time=2022-06-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-06-25 yangchou

    好文章,谢谢分享。

    0

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