Autophagy:治疗神经痛的新希望:联合激活自噬和抗氧化反应

2021-04-17 haibei MedSci原创

神经病理性疼痛是最常见的慢性疼痛之一,它是由于躯体感觉系统的病变或疾病所引起的直接后果。与神经病理性疼痛相关的四大症状是触摸痛、痛觉过敏、自发性疼痛和感觉异常。

神经病理性疼痛是最常见的慢性疼痛之一,它是由于躯体感觉系统的病变或疾病所引起的直接后果。与神经病理性疼痛相关的四大症状是触摸痛、痛觉过敏、自发性疼痛和感觉异常。

越来越多的证据表明,神经炎症和免疫系统在神经病理性疼痛的发生和发展中起着重要作用。活性氧物种(ROS)也是调节疼痛的关键因素之一。作为神经调节剂,ROS可激活脊髓中谷氨酸能神经元中的CAMK2/CaMKII(钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ),ROS还可通过抑制GABA能中间神经元,起到去抑制作用。此外,ROS还可以激活TRP(瞬时受体电位阳离子通道)家族成员,尤其是TRPA1、TRPM2和TRPV1,在病理性疼痛时整合多种内源性和外源性感觉刺激。虽然我们对于神经病理性疼痛的机制了解已经取得了进展,但目前,针对神经痛的有效治疗方法仍然有限。

此外,自噬是一个进化上保守的过程,在免疫炎症和神经系统稳态的调节中发挥着重要作用。然而,目前,自噬在疼痛中的确切作用和机制仍不清楚。

最近,研究人员在Autophagy杂志发文表明,在神经病理性疼痛的维持过程中,自噬通量受损主要发生在星形胶质细胞中。无论是在神经病理性疼痛诱导或维持的哪个阶段,自噬的激活都能缓解疼痛的程度,而自噬的抑制则会加重疼痛。

此外,自噬抑制或激活后,神经炎症和活性氧物种(ROS)的水平分别有所增加或减少。进一步的研究表明,抑制自噬可减缓神经炎症反应的诱导,但增加了神经炎症反应的维持,这可通过促进TRAF6(TNF受体相关因子6)与K63泛素化蛋白的结合,增加p-MAPK8/JNK(丝裂原激活蛋白激酶8)和B细胞中NFKB/NF-κB的水平来实现。

自噬受损参与神经痛的过程

自噬的受损也降低了星形胶质细胞对神经元抗ROS应激的保护作用,因为星形胶质细胞释放的谷胱甘肽水平下降,这可以通过激活NFE2L2/NRF2途径来改善。

研究人员还证明,与单独激活自噬相比,同时激活自噬和NFE2L2通路可进一步缓解疼痛。

因此,该研究提供了自噬参与神经病理性疼痛调控的基本机制,自噬和NFE2L2的组合激活可能是一种新的神经病理性疼痛的治疗方法

 

原始出处:

Jian Li et al. Combination of autophagy and NFE2L2/NRF2 activation as a treatment approach for neuropathic pain. Autophagy (2021). 

 

 

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    2021-05-30 珙桐
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    2021-04-19 贵阳
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    2021-04-18 SR~young海东

    神经问题,医学难题

    0

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    2021-04-17 1464761bm52暂无昵称

    受益匪浅

    0

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    2021-04-17 ms2000001108071351

    学习了

    0

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    2021-04-17 jyzxjiangqin

    好文章!

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