Virulence:IFNL4基因型影响男男性行为者的HIV-1血清转换率

2022-06-22 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

G-IFNL4基因(功能变异)与治疗初期和无症状个体中较低的CD4+淋巴细胞、CD4+/CD8+淋巴细胞比率正常化和较高比例的单纯CD8+T细胞以及病毒抑制后较低的CD4+效应记忆细胞相关。

背景:全基因组关联研究发现,IFNL3(IL28B)上游的遗传变异是预测丙型肝炎病毒感染的自发和干扰素-α/利巴韦林治疗依赖的治愈的有效生物标记物。与这些表型相关的最显著的SNP是位于IFNL3上游的rs12979860。后来,这个功能变体被定位在一个靠近IFNL3的新基因中,命名为IFNL4。该变异(Rs368234815)是一种插入-缺失多态(Indel),具有功能性的IFNL4编码等位基因(G)和零等位基因(TT),导致移码突变,没有IFNL4蛋白。与功能变异体不同,rs12979860位于内含子内,两个变异体之间相隔418个碱基对。INFL4在体外显示出强大的抗病毒活性,因此令人困惑的是,该蛋白的缺陷可以增强对几种传染病的抵抗力。IFNL4基因是否会改变艾滋病毒携带者的免疫状态仍然存在争议,报道的结果相互矛盾。

G-IFNL4基因(功能变异)与治疗初期和无症状个体中较低的CD4+淋巴细胞、CD4+/CD8+淋巴细胞比率正常化和较高比例的单纯CD8+T细胞以及病毒抑制后较低的CD4+效应记忆细胞相关。相反,IFNL4基因与即使长期病毒抑制也无法恢复CD4T细胞水平无关。此外,G-IFNL4基因与巨细胞病毒视网膜炎、肺结核和肺孢子虫肺炎的高患病率有关。

Martin等人。研究了INFL4对HIV-1阳性与非HIV-1感染者的易感性的影响。来自美国的高度暴露的未感染的人,包括欧洲和非洲血统的个人。他们发现,在高度暴露于血清阴性的人中,没有发现与保护有关。在北非人群中也发现了类似的结果。然而,这些研究没有对位于IFNL4开放阅读框架中的功能性Indel进行基因分型,而是对第一内含子中的另一个SNP进行了基因分型。这一事实具有重要的统计学意义,因为这两种变异在欧洲人和亚洲人中处于完全连锁不平衡状态,但在非洲血统的个体中不存在。在西班牙和爱沙尼亚的静脉注射吸毒者中,发现IFNL4的零等位基因对HIV-1感染具有高度的保护作用。此外,Jaimes-Beral等人。在通过与感染艾滋病毒-1的伴侣进行异性接触而有感染风险的高暴露血清阴性个人中,发现了同样的趋势。

目的:这项研究旨在确证或反驳在男男性行为人群(MSM)中IFNL4无效等位基因与HIV-1易感性之间的联系。

方法:在一项针对HIV-1的预防性疫苗试验中,对619名HIV-1血清阴性的男男性接触者进行了36个月的随访,评估了IFNL4无效基因型。其中,257人在此期间血清转化。构建了包括人口统计学和IFNL4基因型的逻辑回归模型。此外,还使用当前研究和其他欧洲人群的数据进行了荟萃分析。

结果:无效的IFNL4基因型与较低的HIV-1血清转换相关(校正OR = 0.4[95% CI:0.2–0.8],P = 0.008),与较长的血清转换时间相关(889天对938天,P= 0.01)。这些结果通过纳入其他欧洲人群数据的荟萃分析进行了验证,结果显示显性模型下的IFNL4无效基因型与较低的HIV-1感染概率显著相关(OR = 0.4[95% CI:0.3-0.6];p = 1.3×10E-5)。

表1 在Vax004临床试验的所有队列、疫苗接种者和安慰剂治疗受试者中INFL4基因型的基因型分布。

图1 根据IFNL4基因型的HIV-1血清转化率的卡普兰-迈耶图。通过对数秩检验(P=0.01),在rs368234815多态性的显性模型下比较存活曲线(TT+GT对GG)。g是功能性IFNL4等位基因。

表2 HIV-1血清转化的预测因子

图2 来自西班牙和爱沙尼亚(https://metagenyo.genyo.es/)的男男性行为者(MSM-USA-Vax004试验)、血清不一致夫妇(Sex Italy和Spain)和静脉注射毒品使用者(IDU)人群的荟萃分析森林图。优势比(OR)和95%置信区间(95%-CI)和固定效应荟萃分析。保护性等位基因的显性模型的p = 1.3 x 10-5(G/G对TT/TT+TT/G)。

结论:这项研究(1)在一个独立的MSM人群中再次研究了IFNL4和先天HIV-1之间的关系,( 2)确定了IFNL4无效等位基因在欧洲人群中预防HIV感染的作用。

原文出处:Meza G,  Galián F,  Jaimes-Bernal C,et al.IFNL4 genotype influences the rate of HIV-1 seroconversion in men who have sex with men.Virulence 2022 12;13(1)

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    2022-06-23 xugc
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    2022-06-23 bugit
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    2022-06-22 ms5000000518166734

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N Engl J Med:治疗肛门高级别鳞状上皮内病变以预防肛门癌

Science:HIV病毒超强变异,为艾滋病进程开倍速

多年来,人们一直担心HIV-1会出现变异的情况,而一项新研究似乎证实了这种可能性。

重磅!单片双药HIV治疗药物多伟托®扩大适应症获批,延展至稳定转换HIV感染者

艾滋病仍是中国面临的严重公共卫生问题,目前“简化疗法”是当下HIV治疗新趋势。