样本量计算软件大全,再也不用担心样本量的计算

2017-10-23 MedSci MedSci原创

在临床研究设计阶段,临床研究者最纠结的问题在哪里?需要多少病例即样本量估算,必是其中问题之一。因为样本量太小,试验难以得出设计的效果,结果不稳定,错误风险也大,得到“假阴性”结果;样本量太大,增加试验的成本和难度。并且CONSORT和STROBE等报告规范已要求要指明样本量的确定方法。那如何把握这个度呢?第一类:临床试验(以RCT为主),根据研究设计类型不同研究课题假设有三种类型:1. 优效性

临床研究设计阶段,临床研究者最纠结的问题在哪里?需要多少病例即样本量估算,必是其中问题之一。因为样本量太小,试验难以得出设计的效果,结果不稳定,错误风险也大,得到“假阴性”结果;样本量太大,增加试验的成本和难度。并且CONSORT和STROBE等报告规范已要求要指明样本量的确定方法。那如何把握这个度呢?


第一类:临床试验(以RCT为主),根据研究设计类型不同研究课题假设有三种类型:
1. 优效性假设检验:研究的干预措施效果将优于对照组;
2. 等效性假设检验:研究的干预措施效果将等于对照组;
3. 非劣效性假设检验:研究的干预措施效果将不等于对照组;
这三类试验类型中又有样本率的比较和样本均数的比较。

第二类:非RCT研究,如病例对照研究,队列,诊断性研究,单组比较分析等,样本量估计方法也另有所不同。

有关样本量计算软件,这里梅斯医学小编收集一下,基本算是大全了。

一、在线样本量计算工具

1、PowerAndSampleSize

可计算单样本均数,两样本均数比较,k个样本均数比较,单个率,两个率比较,配对率比较,两样本率比较,k个样本率比较,时间-事件数据(生存数据)比较,OR值比较,以及其它。该软件的一个重要特点是可提供样本量的计算公式和R语言代码,在写标书时不用愁啦。

http://powerandsamplesize.com/Calculators/

2、MedSci样本量计算软件(MedSci Sample Size tools, MSST)

这是小编的绝密消息哦,刚刚上线不久,就受到广泛欢迎。其一,全中文,并且带有引导和指示的;其二,方便简单,手机端即可操作;其三,功能可不简单哦,功能强大。涵盖了十多种最常见的样本量计算方法,临床上90%以上的样本量计算,这里就可以搞定了,包括RCT,诊断性研究,病例对照研究等。讲了这么多,在哪里?

大家可以下载:梅斯医学APP (各大应用市场都有),然后在APP首页的一排按纽(各种各样的好功能哦),然后点击更多进入“医生工具”,这里面便有统计向导、样本量计算、ICD-10查询等各种各样的小工具了。目前能进行的样本量计算如下,未来还会进一步增加,同时还会匹配相关的教程,总之,会越来越好用,越来越便捷。


根据均值计算样本量(计量资料)
  • 单组均值与固定值比较
  • 两组独立样本均值比较
  • 两组独立样本均值的非劣效检验
  • 两组独立样本均值的优效检验
  • 根据线性相关系数计算
根据率(比例)计算样本量(计数资料)
  • 单组率与固定值比较
  • 两组独立样本率比较
  • 两组独立样本率的非劣效检验
  • 两组独立样本率的优效检验
生存资料计算样本量(生存资料)
  • 两组生存风险比HR比较
诊断性研究
  • 以连续性变量(平均数)为比较的诊断性研究
  • 以分类变量(率)为比较的诊断性研究
抽样调查计算(横断面研究)
  • 根据均值及其置信区间计算
  • 根据率及其置信区间计算
病例对照研究样本量计算
  • 匹配的病例对照样本量计算
  • 非匹配(成组法)的病例对照样本量计算

3、Epitools
是澳大利亚生物安全合作研究中心资助的Ausvet动物健康服务机构创办的动物流行病学在线计算网站。其样本量计算方法包括:

  • To estimate a single proportion
  • To estimate a single mean
  • Two proportions
  • Two means with equal samplesize and equal variances
  • Two means with unequal samplesize and unequal variances
  • To estimate true prevalence (atanimal or herd-level)
  • Sample size for a cohort study
  • Sample size for a case-controlstudy

此外,该网站还可以进行各种流行病学指标的在线计算,详见:http://epitools.ausvet.com.au/content.php?page=home

二、样本量计算软件

1、SAS Power and Sample Size application (PSS)
SAS系列内随同安装。虽由SAS公司开发,但包括的统计分析方法非常有限,只有:t检验、率的比较、相关分析、回归分析、方差分析、以及生存分析。样本量分析当然是权威了。但是,一般只是大药厂才会使用,或需要申请FDACFDA试验时,才会用它计算样本量。当然,价格也够吓人的。

2、PASS(power analysis and sample size)
美国NCSS公司开发的商业软件,最新版本13.类似于nQuery,覆盖了几乎所有样本量计算方法,其官方网站宣称用到的统计方法超过230种。只是全英文的,如果你对样本量有很深的掌握,当然不错,整体来说,还比较傻瓜化。不过,对于大部分临床医生而言,即使用个半年一载,仍然是云里雾中的,毕竟这是专业的统计师干的活。另外,这个软件收费,价格倒不贵,大几千块。

3、nQuery Advisor+nTerim
爱尔兰Statistical Solutions公司开发的商业软件(收费)。FDA、欧洲药品管理局、日本、韩国等官方认可,世界制药企业和生物制药公司50强中49家使用。内容几乎涵盖样本量计算的所有方面。很强大,不过仍然只合适统计专业人员使用,临床医生想搞懂,谈和容易哦,小编曾经也使用过,好久才搞懂一点点。

4、DSTPLAN
免费,Fortran语言编写,安德森癌症中心开发。统计分析方法有:t检验、相关分析、率的比较、2xN的列联表检验,以及生存分析的差异性检验。不过,有点弱。

5、G*Power
免费,德国杜塞尔多夫大学开发。统计分析方法有:t检验、One-way ANOVA、回归分析、相关分析以及拟合优度分析。输入关键参数后立即给出效应量。统计还可以,简易的样本量计算也可以。

6、PC-Size
免费,DOS命令行软件。统计方法有:t检验、方差分析、回归分析、相关分析以及率的比较。可计算效应量。

7、PS
免费,统计分析方法有:t检验、卡方检验、Fisher确切概率法、McNemar检验、回归分析以及生存分析等。

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    2021-04-22 1202cbb3m56暂无昵称

    收藏,慢慢看

    0

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    2020-12-20 李大海

    👌

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959328, encodeId=c7cc95932886, content=收藏,慢慢看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=24a42159834, createdName=1202cbb3m56暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Apr 22 10:47:42 CST 2021, time=2021-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909542, encodeId=110e909542ce, content=👌, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8bf72574330, createdName=李大海, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 12:35:36 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1669378, encodeId=eaab16693e891, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d7b620395d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#样本#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62039, encryptionId=9d7b620395d, topicName=样本)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f33226554040, createdName=zhzhxiang, createdTime=Mon Jul 09 16:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1283475, encodeId=370c12834e53a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=302e6204212' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#样本量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62042, encryptionId=302e6204212, topicName=样本量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b05b180, createdName=grace5700, createdTime=Wed Oct 25 08:32:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255748, encodeId=d313255e48fb, content=太好了.谢谢., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2SEXGDldsNfP4rKvY7vJmaHcyvLXicuyaCTJtVOkX3jvd6DwNMD88hDjJwsU7MnUH6zeqC4zt3yGV/0, createdBy=4e701628585, createdName=flyingzyx, createdTime=Wed Oct 25 06:05:45 CST 2017, time=2017-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255399, encodeId=8cc1255399cf, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 19:54:50 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-09 zhzhxiang
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959328, encodeId=c7cc95932886, content=收藏,慢慢看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=24a42159834, createdName=1202cbb3m56暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Apr 22 10:47:42 CST 2021, time=2021-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909542, encodeId=110e909542ce, content=👌, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8bf72574330, createdName=李大海, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 12:35:36 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1669378, encodeId=eaab16693e891, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d7b620395d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#样本#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62039, encryptionId=9d7b620395d, topicName=样本)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f33226554040, createdName=zhzhxiang, createdTime=Mon Jul 09 16:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1283475, encodeId=370c12834e53a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=302e6204212' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#样本量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62042, encryptionId=302e6204212, topicName=样本量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b05b180, createdName=grace5700, createdTime=Wed Oct 25 08:32:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255748, encodeId=d313255e48fb, content=太好了.谢谢., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2SEXGDldsNfP4rKvY7vJmaHcyvLXicuyaCTJtVOkX3jvd6DwNMD88hDjJwsU7MnUH6zeqC4zt3yGV/0, createdBy=4e701628585, createdName=flyingzyx, createdTime=Wed Oct 25 06:05:45 CST 2017, time=2017-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255399, encodeId=8cc1255399cf, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 19:54:50 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=959328, encodeId=c7cc95932886, content=收藏,慢慢看, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=24a42159834, createdName=1202cbb3m56暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Apr 22 10:47:42 CST 2021, time=2021-04-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=909542, encodeId=110e909542ce, content=👌, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=112, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8bf72574330, createdName=李大海, createdTime=Sun Dec 20 12:35:36 CST 2020, time=2020-12-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1669378, encodeId=eaab16693e891, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d7b620395d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#样本#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62039, encryptionId=9d7b620395d, topicName=样本)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f33226554040, createdName=zhzhxiang, createdTime=Mon Jul 09 16:32:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1283475, encodeId=370c12834e53a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=302e6204212' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#样本量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=62042, encryptionId=302e6204212, topicName=样本量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b05b180, createdName=grace5700, createdTime=Wed Oct 25 08:32:00 CST 2017, time=2017-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255748, encodeId=d313255e48fb, content=太好了.谢谢., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=148, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NcXNhUvfhzd2SEXGDldsNfP4rKvY7vJmaHcyvLXicuyaCTJtVOkX3jvd6DwNMD88hDjJwsU7MnUH6zeqC4zt3yGV/0, createdBy=4e701628585, createdName=flyingzyx, createdTime=Wed Oct 25 06:05:45 CST 2017, time=2017-10-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=255399, encodeId=8cc1255399cf, content=非常好的文章.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7LIiaRZTzJ3SEfiauCzTMPW7YvPPYLNJBXG9oh6Al1icq2VQQkIHWxqXehcicTS62YKJVBhxeth3wggw/0, createdBy=7ce01621306, createdName=天涯183, createdTime=Mon Oct 23 19:54:50 CST 2017, time=2017-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-10-25 flyingzyx

    太好了.谢谢.

    0

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    2017-10-23 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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