肩胛骨、肱骨头胸内脱位怎么办

2022-06-18 骨秘籍 网络

肩胛骨、肱骨头胸内脱位怎么办

Intrathoracic Dislocation of the Scapula

肩胛骨胸内脱位极为罕见。

已经描述了与最小暴力和预先存在的因素(全身松弛或骨软骨瘤)相关的病例。肩胛骨锁定在上肋间隙之一的后部。

第二种类型是由更剧烈的创伤引起的,或者直接打击肩胛骨的后部,

或者施加在手臂上的向外的暴力分心力。

肩胛体前外侧移位,其下角卡在肋骨之间。外伤严重性通常会导致肩胛骨和肋骨骨折以及肩胛周围软组织的明显破坏。

 

右肩胛骨(箭头)胸内脱位患者的前斜位 X 线片。

其肩胛骨下角锁定在第四肋间,通过闭合复位成功治疗。

该损伤最初可能由于相关损伤、影像学或两者的原因而错过诊断。肩胛骨的移位在常规的正位胸片上可能不是很明显。可能需斜位(前斜或侧肩胛骨投影)或胸部 CT 来确定诊断。

CT可以明显看到 肩胛骨的下角进入肋间

同时也非常容易造成肋骨骨折

如何复位?

通过过度外展手臂和手法操作肩胛骨(向前旋转肩胛骨并将其向后推),同时对手臂施加稳定的牵引力,从而复位。

复位通常是稳定的,但是为了软组织愈合,建议使用吊带和三角巾将肩胛骨固定在胸壁上或将手臂固定在绷带上。愈合通常需要四到六周。然后鼓励对肩部和手臂进行无保护、渐进的功能性锻炼。

在长时间脱位或更复杂的脱位病例中,可能需要切开复位软组织脱离,然后重建肩胛周围软组织以恢复稳定性。

该例患者属于复杂暴力导致肩胛骨、肋骨骨折

肩胛骨胸内脱位,需要进行切开手术治疗

当然,有些也是肺切除术后的一种并发症

就有一个医生在给患者做完 断肋骨后肺切除后出现了并发症

并发表在LANCET上面

肩胛骨进入胸腔

其实胸内脱位在肱骨头中也是存在的

并有学者进行了相关的分型

 

 

其中1型前脱位为80%的肩关节脱位,2型下脱位

3型位于胸廓和肩胛骨之间

4型为胸内脱位

3型脱位

4型脱位

CT可显示 肱骨头进入胸廓

4型脱位+骨折

胸片显示,肱骨头骨折并位于胸廓内

那么这个手术怎么做?

从哪里来就从哪里去!

通过腋窝开胸,与胸外科医生合作找到肱骨头并放置胸管

再通过原有的胸大肌三角肌入路行内固定或置换治疗

 

当然,由于该类病例不多,仍然没有达到治疗的共识

1,是否可以不取肱骨头?

2,是否需要修复相关肋骨?

3, 固定还是置换?半肩还是反肩?

期待各位的精彩意见

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    2023-02-26 redcrab
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    2022-06-18 xulv123

    认真学习~~

    0

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    2022-06-15 shalley68
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