Cancer Diagn Progn:化疗期间癌症相关静脉血栓栓塞的治疗策略:Keep ACT²概念

2022-04-20 “心关注”公众号 “心关注”公众号

据估计,2018年有1810万新增癌症病例和960万癌症死亡病例。虽然对可能导致癌症的因素进行预防及提高癌症筛查率,但癌症患者的数量每年仍在增加。此外,包括手术或化疗在内的癌症治疗已在全球范围内普及,

据估计,2018年有1810万新增癌症病例和960万癌症死亡病例。虽然对可能导致癌症的因素进行预防及提高癌症筛查率,但癌症患者的数量每年仍在增加。此外,包括手术或化疗在内的癌症治疗已在全球范围内普及,但完全治愈仍比较困难。

近年来,系统性化疗过程中静脉血栓的发生已成为研究热点。在接受化疗的门诊患者中,癌症相关血栓栓塞(CAT)是第二大死亡原因。由于癌症患者年龄较大,需要接受各种药物治疗,因此,药物相互作用的强度可能较高。

为更好的了解CAT相关机制,并采取有效治疗措施,本研究探讨了在考虑药物相互作用的情况下,继续化疗和同时进行抗凝治疗的可行性。

研究方法

研究人员回顾性评估了2017年2月至2020年12月日本岐阜县大学医学部附属医院发生胃肠道CAT的癌症患者。若患者使用艾多沙班治疗CAT并同时进行化疗后血栓消失,则被定义为Keep-ACT2(保持抗癌治疗和抗凝治疗)成功。此外,研究还评价了以细胞色素P450 (CYP)代谢为重点的艾多沙班治疗策略的有效性和安全性。

研究结果

2017年2月至2020年12月研究人员对117例接受艾多沙班治疗的胃肠癌患者CAT进行监测。除3例术后静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)外,其余114例CAT发生在化疗期间。这些患者的平均年龄为71.8±9.4岁[男性67例(58.8%),女性47例(41.2%)],平均体重为53.6±12.5 kg(表1)。在此期间,食管癌的治疗更为普遍。肺血栓栓塞(PTE)29例(25.4%),深静脉血栓形成(DVT)113例(99.1%)。1例(0.8%)患者存在PTE,但未观察到DVT。治疗前D-二聚体水平为17.1±15.9 μg/ml,治疗后为2.6±6.7 μg/ml(P<0.001)(图1)。

表1. 114例CAT患者的背景特征

图1. D-二聚体的变化

在所有癌症患者中,Keep-ACT2成功101例(88.6%),失败13例(11.4%)(图2)。在这13例患者中,1例患者DVT的程度没有变化,6例患者DVT程度降低,D-二聚体水平正常化,但DVT仍然存在。VTE在终末期恶化,1例患者出现肿瘤出血。随癌症进展,DVT消失,但2例患者出现Trousseau综合征。2例患者D-二聚体水平和血栓体积均呈下降趋势,但均在晚期死于癌症。Keep-ACT2成功患者的不同癌症分期人数分别为I期6人,II期20人,III期27人,IV期48人;13例Keep-ACT2不成功患者的癌症分期均为IV期(P<0.001),胃癌4人,胆囊和胆管癌3人,胰腺癌4人,结直肠癌2人。

图2. Keep-ACT2在癌症患者抗凝治疗中的发生率

在化疗期间,2例使用艾多沙班的患者发生胃癌和胆管癌的局部出血;1例患者发生鼻出血并伴有化疗引起血小板减少的不良事件;1例患者在术后2月出现开胸切口处的皮下出血;以上临床相关的非大出血事件均在可接受范围内。

根据剂量减量标准,82例患者(71.9%)的使用剂量为30 mg/d,31例患者(27.2%)为60 mg/d,1例患者(0.9%)为15 mg/d。使用艾多沙班的中位月数为6个月,最长为31个月。对114名患者化疗期间受CYP代谢影响的药物数量的检查显示,所有114例患者都在使用这些药物,服用药物种类的中位数为5;正在使用受CYP代谢影响的药物多达11种(图 3)。

图3. 114例研究患者在化疗期间服用的由细胞色素P450代谢的药物数量

 

研究结论

研究中胃肠癌患者的CAT发生率并不低,化疗期间同时使用艾多沙班有助于胃肠癌患者获得持续性治疗,联合抗凝疗法具有可行性。

 

原始出处:

Tanaka Y, Sato Y, Suetsugu T, et al. Treatment Strategy for Cancer-associated Venous Thromboembolism During Chemotherapy: The Keep ACT2 Concept. Cancer Diagn Progn. 2021 Nov 3;1(5):417-422. doi: 10.21873/cdp.10055. PMID: 35403169; PMCID: PMC8962864.

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    2022-06-06 fusion
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    2022-10-30 xue8602
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    2022-04-22 sunylz

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该研究一定程度上揭开了男性在癌症发病率和死亡率方向的差异的原因,为癌症免疫治疗开辟了新的方向。

Science:对癌症中体细胞非编码突变模式的全基因组分析

这些研究结果表明非编码突变与一系列不同的生物过程有关,它们在基因组中的位置对于准确解释它们至关重要。