Alzheimer's & Dementia:城市环境暴露与阿尔茨海默病风险的关系:巴塞罗那人口的研究 

2021-07-10 haibei MedSci原创

最近,研究人员进行了一项基于巴塞罗那人口的研究 ,目的是在认知上无障碍的人中确定城市环境暴露对结构性脑成像的影响,以及其是否增加AD的风险。

生活在城市地区的人经常暴露在高水平的空气污染物和噪音中,并且缺乏与自然户外环境的接触。 长期暴露在空气污染和噪音中,以及缺乏绿色空间,与过早的全因死亡率和其他有害的健康影响有关。

众所周知,空气污染是一个重要的环境危害和主要的环境健康问题。流行病学研究表明,暴露于环境空气污染对神经系统有影响,并可能通过对大脑的有害影响产生因果关系,加速认知老化。 同样,暴露于高噪音水平与生活质量和健康的不利影响有关,但目前,只有极少数流行病学研究报告了交通相关的高噪音水平与神经退行性疾病之间的联系。与空气污染暴露相反,越来越多的证据表明,暴露于城市绿地可能具有促进健康的作用,包括改善心理健康以及降低发病率和死亡率。

城市环境暴露也可能有助于阿尔茨海默病(AD)的发病率。最近,研究人员进行了一项基于巴塞罗那人口的研究 ,目的是在认知上无障碍的人中确定城市环境暴露对结构性脑成像的影响,以及其是否增加AD的风险。

该研究纳入了212名居住在西班牙巴塞罗那的参与者,并对其进行了脑部扫描。研究人员使用土地使用回归模型来估计居民对空气污染物的暴露。日平均噪声水平从噪声地图中获得。住宅绿色暴露指标也被生成。此外,研究人员还采集了大脑3D-T1,以获得大脑形态学的信息。研究人员还进行了基于体素的形态学统计分析,以确定大脑中区域灰质(GM)和白质(WM)体积与环境暴露相关的区域。

接触空气污染物、噪音和靠近绿地对灰质和白质体积的影响

研究结果显示,暴露于二氧化氮与楔前区较低的GM体积,以及胼胝体和下纵筋的WM体积较大有关。相反,暴露于细颗粒物与更大的小脑GM以及胼胝体压部、上纵束和扣带回的WM有关噪声与胼胝体中的WM体积呈正相关。暴露在绿色环境中与额叶中部、中央前部和颞部的GM体积增大有关。

在认知上无障碍的且具有增加的AD风险的成年人中,暴露于空气污染、噪音和绿色区域与已知在AD中受影响的特定脑区的GM和WM体积有关,因此可能增加患AD的风险性。

 

原始出处:

Carles Falcón et al. Brain correlates of urban environmental exposures in cognitively unimpaired individuals at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease: A study on Barcelona's population. Alzheimer's & Dementia (2021). 

 

 

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    2021-07-11 1881ef655dm

    #学习#非常棒研究角度,学习

    0

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