转氨酶蹦极原来是受到了抗肿瘤药物的“惊吓”

2022-06-12 余祥鹏 广东三九脑科医院 “检验医学”公众号

当肝细胞发生炎症、坏死、中毒等,造成肝细胞受损时,转氨酶便会释放到血液里,使血清转氨酶升高。因此,转氨酶水平可以比较敏感地监测到肝脏是否受到损害。

01 前言

血清转氨酶分为两种,一种是存在于肝细胞浆中谷丙转氨酶ALT,另一种是存在于肝细胞线粒体中的谷草转氨酶AST。转氨酶是人体代谢过程中必不可少的“催化剂”,主要存在于肝细胞内。当肝细胞发生炎症、坏死、中毒等,造成肝细胞受损时,转氨酶便会释放到血液里,使血清转氨酶升高。因此,转氨酶水平可以比较敏感地监测到肝脏是否受到损害。

02 案例经过

患者周XX,男,58岁,因“左侧肢体乏力20天。”上下楼梯时出现左下肢不听使唤,逐渐加重,发展至左侧面部,并摔倒3次,2021年4月30日至外院就诊,2021年5月3日行头颅MR:颅内多发占位伴周围水肿,考虑转移瘤可能。胸部CT:左肺占位病变,考虑肺癌。现为进一步诊治来我院就诊,门诊拟“肺癌脑转移?”收入我院治疗。

6月3日如往常一样,今天做常规生化岗位,一份转氨酶骤然升高的检验报告引起了我的注意,报告显示谷丙转氨酶1755.7 ↑↑↑U/L、谷草转氨酶2342.8↑,通过历史结果比对,该患者入院至今肝三酶并无明显异常,为何今日突然飙升?排除生化仪器系统误差,反应曲线正常,难道标本有误?还是患者本身肝功能存在问题?

图1 肝功能报告单

重新抽血复查,检测结果与第一次相差不大,看来是患者自身原因引起。看到这样的结果,首先想到的是该患者是否存在肝炎,乙肝两对半显示“2,5阳性”,表示该患者曾经感染过乙肝,目前已恢复并产生了抗体,与肝三酶突然飙升并无直接联系呀!

图2 乙肝两对半报告单

03 案例分析

仔细观察你会发现,这次转氨酶突然飙升与上一次检测间隔了14天,那么这段时间里什么原因导致了患者肝损伤呢?结合该患者的病例资料,患者为中老年人以“肺癌脑转移”收入我院治疗,临床诊断为大脑继发性恶性肿瘤,期间肯定使用过抗肿瘤的药物,如果药物使用不当势必存在药物性肝损伤。

图3 临床部分用药情况

果不其然,医嘱用药显示:德巴金(丙戊酸):5月7日起,500mgBid;泰瑞沙(奥西替尼):5月19起,80mgQd。这两种药物均存在不同程度肝损伤和血细胞减少的不良反应,需要定期监测肝功能和血常规,并根据病人各项指标调整用药。

图4.抗肿瘤药物说明书【不良反应】[1-2]

发现这种情况后,及时建议临床医生调整抗肿瘤药物的剂量,并在用药期间连续监测血常规和肝功能的变化。经调整抗肿瘤药物后的一周时间里,转氨酶等相关持续下降,逐渐恢复正常,说明该患者转氨酶突然飙升确实属于药物性肝损伤引起。

图5 谷丙转氨酶折线图

图6 谷草转氨酶折线图

04 知识延伸

引起转氨酶升高的原因有很多,必须认真检查,明确病因,针对病因加以治疗。转氨酶升高大体上有以下几点:

第一病毒性肝炎,在我国乙肝比较多,部分可能是丙肝。

第二是脂肪肝,肥胖及高脂高糖的饮食和运动少是主要原因。

第三是胆道系统的感染,严重功能障碍。

第四是药物性损伤,常因为其他疾病使用了损伤肝脏的药物。

本案例转氨酶骤然升高,与第四点相吻合。

05 案例总结

在检验工作中,转氨酶升高是个很常见的情况,并不一定是肝脏出了问题,如果突然升高远远超出正常范围(40U/L),医生会建议复查,排除由于实验室设备故障和操作错误等因素造成误差的可能。如果转氨酶水平还高,需要做其他检查,结合病史、症状、体征等全面分析从而采取有效的治疗和干预措施。

参考文献

[1]药品说明书(2019-08-20)-丙戊酸钠(四川科瑞德制药股份有限公司)

[2]药品说明书(2019-08-20)-奥希替尼(AstraZeneca AB)

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1226227, encodeId=2b2d122622e8f, content=学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=79b48157262, createdName=ms1000001043349372, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 19:39:08 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395476, encodeId=92ee13954e6e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=252d93386f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转氨酶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93386, encryptionId=252d93386f8, topicName=转氨酶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1446821, encodeId=c998144682181, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94bd830865e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83086, encryptionId=94bd830865e, topicName=肿瘤药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKneTxOtx0KRAPibib3sfmib4P2269UG6op6ZN5ZKddPvUibR7RfFob8X6FicRugoeY8Dicy4cibArjj168Q/132, createdBy=c17d5287383, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537769, encodeId=0059153e769f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1f9983082fa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83082, encryptionId=1f9983082fa, topicName=肿瘤药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ed1012894470, createdName=30397608, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1593740, encodeId=951a1593e4099, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ff895565586' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗肿瘤药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55655, encryptionId=ff895565586, topicName=抗肿瘤药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=aa5e18156549, createdName=zhu_jun9843, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-06-13 ms1000001043349372

    学习学习

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1226227, encodeId=2b2d122622e8f, content=学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=79b48157262, createdName=ms1000001043349372, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 19:39:08 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395476, encodeId=92ee13954e6e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=252d93386f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转氨酶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93386, encryptionId=252d93386f8, topicName=转氨酶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1446821, encodeId=c998144682181, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94bd830865e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83086, encryptionId=94bd830865e, topicName=肿瘤药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKneTxOtx0KRAPibib3sfmib4P2269UG6op6ZN5ZKddPvUibR7RfFob8X6FicRugoeY8Dicy4cibArjj168Q/132, createdBy=c17d5287383, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537769, encodeId=0059153e769f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1f9983082fa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83082, encryptionId=1f9983082fa, topicName=肿瘤药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ed1012894470, createdName=30397608, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1593740, encodeId=951a1593e4099, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ff895565586' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗肿瘤药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55655, encryptionId=ff895565586, topicName=抗肿瘤药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=aa5e18156549, createdName=zhu_jun9843, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1226227, encodeId=2b2d122622e8f, content=学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=79b48157262, createdName=ms1000001043349372, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 19:39:08 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395476, encodeId=92ee13954e6e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=252d93386f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转氨酶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93386, encryptionId=252d93386f8, topicName=转氨酶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1446821, encodeId=c998144682181, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94bd830865e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83086, encryptionId=94bd830865e, topicName=肿瘤药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKneTxOtx0KRAPibib3sfmib4P2269UG6op6ZN5ZKddPvUibR7RfFob8X6FicRugoeY8Dicy4cibArjj168Q/132, createdBy=c17d5287383, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537769, encodeId=0059153e769f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1f9983082fa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83082, encryptionId=1f9983082fa, topicName=肿瘤药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ed1012894470, createdName=30397608, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1593740, encodeId=951a1593e4099, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ff895565586' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗肿瘤药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55655, encryptionId=ff895565586, topicName=抗肿瘤药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=aa5e18156549, createdName=zhu_jun9843, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1226227, encodeId=2b2d122622e8f, content=学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=79b48157262, createdName=ms1000001043349372, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 19:39:08 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395476, encodeId=92ee13954e6e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=252d93386f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转氨酶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93386, encryptionId=252d93386f8, topicName=转氨酶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1446821, encodeId=c998144682181, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94bd830865e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83086, encryptionId=94bd830865e, topicName=肿瘤药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKneTxOtx0KRAPibib3sfmib4P2269UG6op6ZN5ZKddPvUibR7RfFob8X6FicRugoeY8Dicy4cibArjj168Q/132, createdBy=c17d5287383, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537769, encodeId=0059153e769f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1f9983082fa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83082, encryptionId=1f9983082fa, topicName=肿瘤药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ed1012894470, createdName=30397608, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1593740, encodeId=951a1593e4099, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ff895565586' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗肿瘤药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55655, encryptionId=ff895565586, topicName=抗肿瘤药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=aa5e18156549, createdName=zhu_jun9843, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1226227, encodeId=2b2d122622e8f, content=学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=79b48157262, createdName=ms1000001043349372, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 19:39:08 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395476, encodeId=92ee13954e6e5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=252d93386f8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#转氨酶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93386, encryptionId=252d93386f8, topicName=转氨酶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1446821, encodeId=c998144682181, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94bd830865e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83086, encryptionId=94bd830865e, topicName=肿瘤药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/PiajxSqBRaEKneTxOtx0KRAPibib3sfmib4P2269UG6op6ZN5ZKddPvUibR7RfFob8X6FicRugoeY8Dicy4cibArjj168Q/132, createdBy=c17d5287383, createdName=smartjoy, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1537769, encodeId=0059153e769f3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1f9983082fa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肿瘤药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83082, encryptionId=1f9983082fa, topicName=肿瘤药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ed1012894470, createdName=30397608, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1593740, encodeId=951a1593e4099, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ff895565586' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗肿瘤药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55655, encryptionId=ff895565586, topicName=抗肿瘤药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=aa5e18156549, createdName=zhu_jun9843, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 00:38:04 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

相关资讯

八张表格,带你弄清楚抗肿瘤药物的分类

超全抗肿瘤药物分类,赶紧收藏!

新型抗肿瘤药物临床应用指导原则(2019版)

本指导原则涉及的新型抗肿瘤药物是指小分子靶向药物和大分子单克隆抗体类药物。基本原则为:病理组织学确诊后方可使用,靶点检测后方可使用。目前,根据是否需要做靶点检测,可以将常用的小分子靶向药物和大分子单克

抗肿瘤药物临床试验的特点和医学伦理问题

来源:肿瘤防治研究杂志,2017年,7月第44卷第7期

抗肿瘤药物处方审核专家共识——结直肠癌

为了进一步规范肿瘤的药物治疗,促进临床合理用药,改善结直肠癌患者的预后,由国家癌症中心、国家肿瘤质控中心药事质控专家委员会牵头,中国抗癌协会肿瘤临床药学专业委员会、中国药师协会肿瘤药师分会共同组织全国的药学专家,制定了《结直肠癌抗肿瘤药物处方审核专家共识》。 本共识首次提出运用“六步法”进行抗肿瘤药物处方审核: 即合法性审核-患者评估审核-方案审核-器官功能及实验室指标审核-预处理审核-非常规处方